tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49964321665516903232024-03-17T08:16:12.791+01:00St. Thomas guild - medieval woodworking, furniture and other craftsThe Saint Thomas guild is a Dutch medieval re-enactment group. It represents the woodworking guild in Nimweghen around 1370.
This blog will present their woodworking projects, medieval joinery and furniture as well as other crafts.Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.comBlogger278125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-2930985956212604632024-03-13T21:52:00.001+01:002024-03-13T21:52:55.403+01:00Tresoor of Castle Hernen Part 8 : Fitting the tresoor together<p style="text-align: justify;">This post continues the story of the creation of the <a href="https://thomasguild.blogspot.com/2023/12/tresoor-of-castle-hernen-part-7-hanging.html">tresoor of castle Hernen</a> and concerns fitting the main parts of the tresoor together. Until this post, all parts of the tresoor were loosely fit and could be taken apart into individual pieces. In this post, most of the parts will be fitted together and fixed with wooden nails. The boards of the bottom display and the cupboard will be added as well.</p>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: A lot of wooden pins were necessary for fixing the parts together. These are the split rough nails. Right: The square nails sized and pointed with a chisel.</i></span></div>
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</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>A very useful jig. The adjustable lamp stand - a long plank with a hole for the swivel arm lamp which could be clamped anywhere on the tresoor. </i></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">At this point we decided that a decorative groove around the edges of
the
panelframes would make the tresoor more appealing. For the panels of
the cupboard, the wooden frame could still be taken apart and the
groove easily made on a router table with a V-bit. For the
frame at the back with the linenfold panels another set-up was chosen
as the horizontal rails had multiple short stretches of grooves and
using a hand router with a guiding rail offered more control of making the
grooves. The connection between the horizontal and vertical grooves were
cut by hand with a chisel and gouge.</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Router set-up for the horizontal rails of the back of the tresoor. Each horizontal rails had four short stretches and this set-up allowed more visual control when using the router.</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></i></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: For the router set-up, the guiding rail needed very precise placement to ensure the groove also was horizontal. Right: One groove was forgotten on the router table and had to be made with the hand router as well.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span><br /></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Grooves were made on the top of the panel frame and the sides. The bottom of the panel frame was planed at an angle. The end of the groove (indicated by the 2 pencil lines) was cut by hand with a gouge.</span></i></div>
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</div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The angle connecting the top en side groove was cut by hand (indicated by pencil marks). The grooves towards the panel were rounded with a scraper.</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></i><br /></div><div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Using a Veritas corner rounding tool to smooth the edges of the frame.</span></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></i><br /></div>
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Bottom cupboard and bottom display planks consisted of 18 mm oak planks. They were connected to each other with a non-fixed groove en tongue joint. For the bottom of the cupboard also grooves needed to be cut into the horizonal and vertical rails. The planks for the cupboard were thus enclosed and fixed by the side walls of the cupboard. The boards for the bottom display are just resting on the frame, but semi-fixed by the two vertical standing stiles. An extra supporting rail was added in the middle for the bottom boards.</div><br />
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</div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">A groove was sawn and cut with a chisel in the vertical rail to support the planks of the cupboard. </span></i></div><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The set-up for the bottom of the cupboard without the planks.</span></i></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Left: The set-up with one of the planks added - top view. Note that the board has a groove for the tongue of the next board. Right: The set-up with one of the planks added - bottom view. You can see that the back of the plank rests on the rail of the backside.</span></i></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The next board needs to be sawn at an edge.</span></i><br /></div></div><div><br /></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The second board added for the cupboard.</span></i></div><br />
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1772" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjh85kDe_k4mX4MruVGM-zyiirbSMzQW5tGY9-B2c4H-71lSzcRrxMooo50hke2X73SCtvc7vdHvnqp2YOPvZxVWNRWw5fiExe1UwdE7G2lLdIaN7yFKEL3Ck7-aEmd6h49HUOQ6yzfHCchVEkL43zNq2AT58_CeSS524sXT4J9MYzkxHZE4mUwaM2CSoU/w400-h266/underside%20board%20measurement.jpg" width="400" /></a>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The bottom board consisted of three parts; the middle one needed a complex cut-out for the pentagon stile.</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></i><br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">A lot of clamps were needed for this process, and luckily we had a lot
of clamps. But clamping an edge of 45 degrees or as thin as 1-2 cm is
difficult, so some clamping jigs were used. After the main parts of the tresoor were fixed, the tresoor was sanded and oiled with linseed oil. The crown and the metal fittings are still missing.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj1B3L9oZVK-9URXL9G0xhh-o6Cj6UzJE1lNmaupbKfD70JWb9ZNvdOlD8EuM_eV1qgVM6otgGi3A1X5te-itMu30kunY3BYaMq25jQ_BHJj11nR0t374BpZNvWyfmIIat4XO0uKaXgvXVXKdisaV2MAI_IkdY-LcgwYZQpay31I0u5psxBPLQ4Vvqc14/s1772/backpanel%20clamped.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1772" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj1B3L9oZVK-9URXL9G0xhh-o6Cj6UzJE1lNmaupbKfD70JWb9ZNvdOlD8EuM_eV1qgVM6otgGi3A1X5te-itMu30kunY3BYaMq25jQ_BHJj11nR0t374BpZNvWyfmIIat4XO0uKaXgvXVXKdisaV2MAI_IkdY-LcgwYZQpay31I0u5psxBPLQ4Vvqc14/w400-h266/backpanel%20clamped.jpg" width="400" /></a>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">This was the easiest part to construct. Only four large clamps were needed.</span></i></div><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFyGhtpwZh4GIVo3MHTQOwtdZ94jsE3nQJ0lPx0ag085OdTIheVNaHVZchmmi1Lc8mlo8Rn-_4mUzJZyMbYxhA63u5y7PDD8O_i-L7_uCtX005H7H_GOQIkf3Wn24SLrBQ8CUw0Q0N4h5f6BVltk5PrChJ3e0p5z4mSq21LyNT5heCXRwsEDOROjSU_Qc/s1772/backpanel%20pins.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1772" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFyGhtpwZh4GIVo3MHTQOwtdZ94jsE3nQJ0lPx0ag085OdTIheVNaHVZchmmi1Lc8mlo8Rn-_4mUzJZyMbYxhA63u5y7PDD8O_i-L7_uCtX005H7H_GOQIkf3Wn24SLrBQ8CUw0Q0N4h5f6BVltk5PrChJ3e0p5z4mSq21LyNT5heCXRwsEDOROjSU_Qc/w400-h266/backpanel%20pins.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Pins added at the mortise and tenon joints of the backside of the tresoor. </span></i><br /></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1772" data-original-width="1178" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeMi6UUYgsiIlpMwSxsBj-LCx6dJb6wUTT_p-YMlj7DsZc1pXxHDmyj8jSdVc8W6Na_zJW9VCk1yudRfckc7uzo9zEzvTCBlSYirdgd8kR2c6RVjqBB12EXLgtWkgDWlYOk-JeoG1H6Qvp0Hxo2Lub6eQmyHpTBBAsW74st253-d2yw3wdAy39-uH7yRA/w266-h400/fitting%20the%20side.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1772" data-original-width="1178" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiuko4BiHms-KL6jyRNTm8V0Bm1IplhO9_7hyphenhyphenVgR07VcuJuAk72DvT1Qhu2joY3uxv9kDWvVsL6kOAoY_H2oYDeBVaYWhFBwdcc0kDDkyjruab3lXcP8Envj8FhBdd9KIdIpnPyHrKDNrvyy4jQ7L6huZcJ-8AYpSR5_IYIPBCOL_zyOO_Eu0xv4NyxRE/s320/numbered%20panels.jpg" /></a>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: The horizontal parts of the sides could be easily clamped to the backside, as they stood at an 90 degree angle. Right: Each 'side of the tresoor had its own number, and the parts with the corresponding numbers fitted exactly.</i></span></div><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2qgQ5cqAQws13_TMgnP88sWlJaPPKZJkX1HH2EuibDPgDAwxaOE4n62pAHm-wZIZz5cC6XIqHT1vD4mkiKANi3_OddE4E-uU2AMsAUpCST_Sf63rd36OAjXaSR1eK0hu-kw0O5nDughkw3P6bOkhTgeFY2gBkddS3QisNP5ONW1WzKqTadbHcBsXdQAo/s1772/fitting%20the%20side%20with%20panel.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1772" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2qgQ5cqAQws13_TMgnP88sWlJaPPKZJkX1HH2EuibDPgDAwxaOE4n62pAHm-wZIZz5cC6XIqHT1vD4mkiKANi3_OddE4E-uU2AMsAUpCST_Sf63rd36OAjXaSR1eK0hu-kw0O5nDughkw3P6bOkhTgeFY2gBkddS3QisNP5ONW1WzKqTadbHcBsXdQAo/w400-h266/fitting%20the%20side%20with%20panel.jpg" width="400" /></a>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The grooves were oiled with linseed oil before the panels were added. The panels were already oiled and dried.</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></i><br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje9vqAnPmF2InnsPPVCw3xT7qFwgbKhaSQ-qqjpA4hy5Qvjh6_GH87UgNswIAI7q3E-eOtHzvbL6a6xxWGQC6w6dgu_V6kqdVK3Uyc2XJX-HxVGP_uBhUU8Daxv2tI0zzizPCxnnhVYlSGR6vQ85gJsS2i2vMOhnCSmltqBaZ_F5hqy_2CHp6BUoGFFYc/s3792/side%20fixed.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="3792" data-original-width="2268" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje9vqAnPmF2InnsPPVCw3xT7qFwgbKhaSQ-qqjpA4hy5Qvjh6_GH87UgNswIAI7q3E-eOtHzvbL6a6xxWGQC6w6dgu_V6kqdVK3Uyc2XJX-HxVGP_uBhUU8Daxv2tI0zzizPCxnnhVYlSGR6vQ85gJsS2i2vMOhnCSmltqBaZ_F5hqy_2CHp6BUoGFFYc/w382-h640/side%20fixed.jpg" width="382" /></a>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">To clamp the next pentagon sized vertical rail some clamping jigs with a V-groove were used.</span></i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC0nBu_N5Rr2wCaN4IYz4J9q4JUvAu7OmQjSK5SXOW2D_b0Tb6cJuSd1AFmXcD2trkKGPgIUvVLaU6MRV4p73mbqJEBBLcKpMz3EDfizCv80jlk116_lsWZeEELJA4JRPrYofhsAW53LetXspK8mjQOf6Y8jHhN4BVK_uT3WCDear1NyeLCaJDTdOjvRw/s1772/clamping%20top.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1772" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC0nBu_N5Rr2wCaN4IYz4J9q4JUvAu7OmQjSK5SXOW2D_b0Tb6cJuSd1AFmXcD2trkKGPgIUvVLaU6MRV4p73mbqJEBBLcKpMz3EDfizCv80jlk116_lsWZeEELJA4JRPrYofhsAW53LetXspK8mjQOf6Y8jHhN4BVK_uT3WCDear1NyeLCaJDTdOjvRw/w640-h426/clamping%20top.jpg" width="640" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The remaining three sides of the cupboard needed to be
added and clamped together. Also the rails for the drawer was added at
this time. A lot of clamps and clamping jigs were used in this process. You can see the pins sticking out at various joints.</span></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></i> <br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1e49uF7ZGFw3A8_b9AlAxhMwhjm3ugCsZH5HlDQhDbL1UpFzat9ZnOroeV-faTI5XeYjtbdAJw95QaxqzqjAFns-Mxkc3uPa2dVv2OMo9etYUSOU5zFa2A1lM8j0XEnxsBwHXmfgytQMzapAx_ALVFBXFYlH1okgSJhI0mUi3wMKtXXI2Us3oMuij0ng/s1772/drawer%20rails%20in%20vertical%20one.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1772" data-original-width="1178" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1e49uF7ZGFw3A8_b9AlAxhMwhjm3ugCsZH5HlDQhDbL1UpFzat9ZnOroeV-faTI5XeYjtbdAJw95QaxqzqjAFns-Mxkc3uPa2dVv2OMo9etYUSOU5zFa2A1lM8j0XEnxsBwHXmfgytQMzapAx_ALVFBXFYlH1okgSJhI0mUi3wMKtXXI2Us3oMuij0ng/w266-h400/drawer%20rails%20in%20vertical%20one.jpg" width="266" /></a>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">A photo of a test set-up showing how the drawer rails are fixed between the back and front. Two mortise and tenon joints were used, but no pins were necessary here.</span></i></div><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGvq9I7R6YxBF8mGMiYEFm8vyTiPfxYuGu3nuJ6ZqIwQGNC6Uh89Bia7w9TG7A9PN7_f4PZItoWa6TNkG_kHnGQ28mWrzbnEc7RajmlakHczAVv2WGgBM0KKmYW7LAhKtBkG1mbRtNR0dq2Vf9GI1eWk2__rjjT3cdMX9rvuGW4vqCSE-lcWNZEw1pIL8/s1772/fixing%20with%20pins.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1772" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGvq9I7R6YxBF8mGMiYEFm8vyTiPfxYuGu3nuJ6ZqIwQGNC6Uh89Bia7w9TG7A9PN7_f4PZItoWa6TNkG_kHnGQ28mWrzbnEc7RajmlakHczAVv2WGgBM0KKmYW7LAhKtBkG1mbRtNR0dq2Vf9GI1eWk2__rjjT3cdMX9rvuGW4vqCSE-lcWNZEw1pIL8/w400-h266/fixing%20with%20pins.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The mortise and tenon joints of the cupboard were fixed by two pins. </span></i><br /></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1772" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxJV1n2FgqyVk-6IVnkWnUCApG66vyQld98OD7t-ou1ORFp8JBsQnVhER73sg_xK3Rj2QsgTOGA9hQcSeLZuMvnAEb8NNaHLufNltfzX90JzoRye7dPRakkpqJ02IxbZbE11MF0K8_4GuoFHdUF7AqMhSORMLXwQLZiFkG_f3zt2W57uCzAHy6NFDJLrM/w400-h266/supportrail%20under.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">For the bottom planksan extra supporting rail was added. At the back a dovetail joint was used, at the front a mortise and tenon joint.</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></i><br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju76cUQEwrcyX2QRdkW45WR460iROD5VsKFQcb1LBKU7CAWp_hQiS_pdqg8xazVui9DJviL_q-QijyDj5GB8nCaap29HQTyVWtq0TOgqqPAIt6ZbBqxY4hZWj31qUZHw9RSHq6U6WGXZjYuAdXM3tKkHlmodwhP1dlEEiWHsRZADFuy_3ViC53Blewj7I/s1772/underside%20clamping%202.jpg">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1772" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju76cUQEwrcyX2QRdkW45WR460iROD5VsKFQcb1LBKU7CAWp_hQiS_pdqg8xazVui9DJviL_q-QijyDj5GB8nCaap29HQTyVWtq0TOgqqPAIt6ZbBqxY4hZWj31qUZHw9RSHq6U6WGXZjYuAdXM3tKkHlmodwhP1dlEEiWHsRZADFuy_3ViC53Blewj7I/s320/underside%20clamping%202.jpg" /></a>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHPcXY-vGUESxCBFxUCvZEXIRAlGqnxEwN4-aa5vKSQzbZjqPsAjEyu5UoI85f3XEH5zj6kLOEMkxgONVcUE2JD-FIkmky7USaXJjCV2mwNf3LHChF5lgtudLK3hIYzqkPqLTXE1mxCGYOr7gQUgiLVWJk0T0P28PmxkikvW20aShDqv_ncsHiPKwaKHw/s1772/underside%20clamping%203.jpg">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1772" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHPcXY-vGUESxCBFxUCvZEXIRAlGqnxEwN4-aa5vKSQzbZjqPsAjEyu5UoI85f3XEH5zj6kLOEMkxgONVcUE2JD-FIkmky7USaXJjCV2mwNf3LHChF5lgtudLK3hIYzqkPqLTXE1mxCGYOr7gQUgiLVWJk0T0P28PmxkikvW20aShDqv_ncsHiPKwaKHw/s320/underside%20clamping%203.jpg" /></a>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt_4cNI9kmPXS0UPqJR0Z8Kao0EtTsjUXLutMOB0DLMUmwkHci2oHBoOdED675Bkz0bsDBFVfbjSezzPL0fvzrT9iPSWIpk4FkimXSg9Ul7sak3woz0ANdCrstQWnsqxa-evnpxEhIGTpZPpIh3nP4dvEcFF7GNRRdQlbdhtPu4-gGTHzDX0dNL-WfIfI/s1772/underside%20clamping.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1772" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt_4cNI9kmPXS0UPqJR0Z8Kao0EtTsjUXLutMOB0DLMUmwkHci2oHBoOdED675Bkz0bsDBFVfbjSezzPL0fvzrT9iPSWIpk4FkimXSg9Ul7sak3woz0ANdCrstQWnsqxa-evnpxEhIGTpZPpIh3nP4dvEcFF7GNRRdQlbdhtPu4-gGTHzDX0dNL-WfIfI/w400-h266/underside%20clamping.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Adding two of the boards helped in retaining the correct angle when the bottom of the tresoor was clamped. Space was much less here and it was near impossible to drill the holes for the pins. The bottom supporting rail in the middle was fixed with a pin after the bottom panel frame was fixed.</span></i></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggQXtOm10pM7m6kOsX1H05YJjsBVejCY8A3e8IClh0SSoEACrNdqg_1Fx4f4d9dXhnUdlxyDxHf5vdNgPsSkxugwsyME7g7M1N8E8M_5BgZWyqFCkCdtfyONBfs-tJIGarJJgNS7weK6lcOfg_nKYSQ3WDxEAEISJQfVSuTr9E6r7340aEHGEpZEm4vX0/s1772/bijwerken%20underside.jpg">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1772" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggQXtOm10pM7m6kOsX1H05YJjsBVejCY8A3e8IClh0SSoEACrNdqg_1Fx4f4d9dXhnUdlxyDxHf5vdNgPsSkxugwsyME7g7M1N8E8M_5BgZWyqFCkCdtfyONBfs-tJIGarJJgNS7weK6lcOfg_nKYSQ3WDxEAEISJQfVSuTr9E6r7340aEHGEpZEm4vX0/s320/bijwerken%20underside.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij3tr69SnDy_vDJPijDQp2U6ikvFcYTTCHioo9HmeYby7pQu8LpnOex4qFP9DrkvZlhdGO4a_HM23kiHRWt9vrifNeQY4g3qLndMoObHEc2FolahXX4wfGQGe9-nhjCb7qaEiTlIUjWv7UM67Eg99iN90rSTqOLV2tHarJ89-1G502MkpHzSPNuUrvUz4/s1772/adjust%20underside.jpg">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1772" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij3tr69SnDy_vDJPijDQp2U6ikvFcYTTCHioo9HmeYby7pQu8LpnOex4qFP9DrkvZlhdGO4a_HM23kiHRWt9vrifNeQY4g3qLndMoObHEc2FolahXX4wfGQGe9-nhjCb7qaEiTlIUjWv7UM67Eg99iN90rSTqOLV2tHarJ89-1G502MkpHzSPNuUrvUz4/s320/adjust%20underside.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">After the bottom was fixed with pins, it needed some adjustment with rabbet and bullnose planes to allow the third and final board to be placed. <br /></span></i></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Everything sanded and oiled. Only the door with the metal fittings and the crown are missing. <br /></span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></i></div>
Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-10416016745155177182024-02-10T17:31:00.001+01:002024-02-10T17:31:00.405+01:00An unusual folding chair at Burg Eltz<p style="text-align: justify;">Burg Eltz is one of the many castles along the Mosel river in Germany, and a main tourist attraction, mainly because it is still complete and furnished, and thus pleasing to visit. Unfortunately, you may not take photos inside the castle. The furniture collection of the castle ranges from late medieval to the turn of the 20th century. This also includes the neogothic style, which can be difficult to distinguish from late medieval. For instance the type of furniture may not match the medieval style or the furniture is made too regular. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA2T2G-T2YTBkGs81JB2Mn-R4smfVg0TegAx2cJWmDI30nZKvvN6nKrXS_RZDuWB94dbz9b1R9fA7zmY564gEix2sa5K7iBhvqwV4HSA-r1lMo5aT02M4ViBZB3-tJW8PiQk4Fe3x-oBPdIV-0fBcb-C6zOgbqB_B3B9lChred42-FJY4z-ZahtQgh5Gs/s1772/R%C3%BCbenacher%20Untersaal.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1232" data-original-width="1772" height="444" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA2T2G-T2YTBkGs81JB2Mn-R4smfVg0TegAx2cJWmDI30nZKvvN6nKrXS_RZDuWB94dbz9b1R9fA7zmY564gEix2sa5K7iBhvqwV4HSA-r1lMo5aT02M4ViBZB3-tJW8PiQk4Fe3x-oBPdIV-0fBcb-C6zOgbqB_B3B9lChred42-FJY4z-ZahtQgh5Gs/w640-h444/R%C3%BCbenacher%20Untersaal.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><i><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Four sedia dantesca folding chairs with leather seats are shown in this room of Burg Eltz. On the ceiling hangs an early 16th century lichtweibchen. Photo from Burg Eltz website</span></i></div></i><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSQKDj5XuiM9qxNXLcROSQqEV2WUWd5mGJbLaAzaZVjA46y3vkh77TuYQjp9Zey1RjjYRWwKTUpOlYxaqnM-kzIvZS8NqkWbcbUtPKrGK0QU6mDYjnaq70TR5j-_-RVwrRl__ZpHj0hMJ0zGSATq83bN772EGo_cp9fJilyVP6_uqHm3wtKsctfoEjPCU/s1772/Schlafgemach.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1181" data-original-width="1772" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSQKDj5XuiM9qxNXLcROSQqEV2WUWd5mGJbLaAzaZVjA46y3vkh77TuYQjp9Zey1RjjYRWwKTUpOlYxaqnM-kzIvZS8NqkWbcbUtPKrGK0QU6mDYjnaq70TR5j-_-RVwrRl__ZpHj0hMJ0zGSATq83bN772EGo_cp9fJilyVP6_uqHm3wtKsctfoEjPCU/w640-h426/Schlafgemach.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><i><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">A sleeping room in Burg Eltz. I find the bed suspicious, but the dressoir behind it looks genuine. </span></i><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo from Burg Eltz website.</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></i></div></i><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpibx7TMvoivgQCzBW9Cce29MPHUnspYS2lgJ2bASlbMVNMil0bcBIxc0eCMGNwXaw6QpAVzIQmJCwRkYI1N7psV_KGJAIJbxL02_WajcvrKxg8EaWRFwTdVRonvkZXw8mQsook9Om3OK47-eRKb2lHDicbXuEypK8i0ZO5ySC1kfIF3Iya4KSKSn15_A/s1772/Fahnemsaal.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1261" data-original-width="1772" height="456" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpibx7TMvoivgQCzBW9Cce29MPHUnspYS2lgJ2bASlbMVNMil0bcBIxc0eCMGNwXaw6QpAVzIQmJCwRkYI1N7psV_KGJAIJbxL02_WajcvrKxg8EaWRFwTdVRonvkZXw8mQsook9Om3OK47-eRKb2lHDicbXuEypK8i0ZO5ySC1kfIF3Iya4KSKSn15_A/w640-h456/Fahnemsaal.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">This room in Burg Eltz has fantasy medieval furniture, the most obvious one is the sofa. </span></i><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo from Burg Eltz website.</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">One of the pieces of furniture that caught my eye was a common <a href="https://thomasguild.blogspot.com/2013/02/savoranola-folding-chair.html" style="text-align: justify;">Savonarola folding chair</a>, but with an abnormal contruction for the backrest. Normally, the backrest can slide into a groove in the armrest, and thus the backrest is wider than the chair itself. Here, a dovetail was used to connect the backrest with the armrest. This complete fixes the backrest to the arms (in theory you could slide in and out of the dovetail groove, but it is not very practical), making the chair non-foldable. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDsRuW1b21DjGxlepyn8_zoA-Sj6GPDv3246cdfV0S4MA9f6is4IEmXritwmtVfAUxGr23zh8PjOaHh3-XrNktkT01xrm4-UzzOYtjys4KWlpYhWf-nFryj6vDBlYFHxYdNuTWRA3jEtuEXqYF0FSAzKfs7MI3xuU9HwEtFW5H3AVt-d2SSG8Lo5UR0nU/s305/folding%20chair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="305" data-original-width="250" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDsRuW1b21DjGxlepyn8_zoA-Sj6GPDv3246cdfV0S4MA9f6is4IEmXritwmtVfAUxGr23zh8PjOaHh3-XrNktkT01xrm4-UzzOYtjys4KWlpYhWf-nFryj6vDBlYFHxYdNuTWRA3jEtuEXqYF0FSAzKfs7MI3xuU9HwEtFW5H3AVt-d2SSG8Lo5UR0nU/s1600/folding%20chair.jpg" width="250" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">A 'normal' constructed Savonarola chair in Burg Eltz, with an extended backrest.</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqq7fCACLZHdfbMdhWrXB63mtOIcKMVqEl_qpi_LxFlLVzofPMNpM4g42yY4Mx4lFRxB9BIH7ltcp-5NnSTlHEborWwtxduymzuw7ykzeMPerNX5wVtMWps0NsiUsEL0GZz_S5hauDCmmLAfUsG5RFle0cet6tWQUKvAil9A8v2-l_pn_3vwqp3cObYX0/s926/backrest-slot.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="926" data-original-width="709" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqq7fCACLZHdfbMdhWrXB63mtOIcKMVqEl_qpi_LxFlLVzofPMNpM4g42yY4Mx4lFRxB9BIH7ltcp-5NnSTlHEborWwtxduymzuw7ykzeMPerNX5wVtMWps0NsiUsEL0GZz_S5hauDCmmLAfUsG5RFle0cet6tWQUKvAil9A8v2-l_pn_3vwqp3cObYX0/s320/backrest-slot.jpg" width="245" /></a></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The normal savaranola chair has a sliding groove for the backrest. This example is my chair.</span></i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBGMTdzkGk9mkdKAh9f3DqMd9HLJTACes3qR_EBUPvYcusPuSHjTvlx3gHZCmvxm8hgq0DYsVfr_rYYJegnibnoq3tvyddIN4YeLFTmQD5Ffqd-Earku2kQVoWjdEJz5qj7yuvyC1iABJfTQERTm7QrlXAWuwXz8Dh7wYXjkMJDouep05NY4me3saAb4c/s6016/DSC_0818.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="6016" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBGMTdzkGk9mkdKAh9f3DqMd9HLJTACes3qR_EBUPvYcusPuSHjTvlx3gHZCmvxm8hgq0DYsVfr_rYYJegnibnoq3tvyddIN4YeLFTmQD5Ffqd-Earku2kQVoWjdEJz5qj7yuvyC1iABJfTQERTm7QrlXAWuwXz8Dh7wYXjkMJDouep05NY4me3saAb4c/s320/DSC_0818.JPG" /></a>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTqCQHsrj_NKOrD4k7ito293PmHLocVmj5ORUYzfeHzupDtsDv0hHdwiyHXlGLOhXjcLxXI5W6o3l2mFFJGLpws40P336sYKceYTG41cSzTM3I61nsLK38euXRvtCnryBuI5eDNHpzZdUHL6wzBGp-RAsmnMS-MrqDiR4JVfa3oZGysdCJau5hyphenhypheny1An-Q/s4386/DSC_0818.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3414" data-original-width="4386" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTqCQHsrj_NKOrD4k7ito293PmHLocVmj5ORUYzfeHzupDtsDv0hHdwiyHXlGLOhXjcLxXI5W6o3l2mFFJGLpws40P336sYKceYTG41cSzTM3I61nsLK38euXRvtCnryBuI5eDNHpzZdUHL6wzBGp-RAsmnMS-MrqDiR4JVfa3oZGysdCJau5hyphenhypheny1An-Q/s320/DSC_0818.jpg" /></a>
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">My savonarola chair backend construction (left), and the Burg Eltz backend with the dovetail (photoshopped from my chair).</span></i></div></div>Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-87892933258890243572024-01-21T17:21:00.003+01:002024-01-21T17:21:56.883+01:00The medieval turned bench at Alpirsbach<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA_A-O7IVtJnLzw4_OLrwJtUTOaA7iaz43gyWow75HiHQ38yKwYQ6UcONBOCegubDeQOhLNtEIrR46PyEPxdTmAEfcrIfs5vUAKWRMyfRic0ETMsMWmv6Pa9ufFgvkteV0j4MqJD6dz6tlgLliSc_4gQu-sw5LDYV4LuRxTO3F3IkxrNI-ND6O3NTmHIE/s1043/alpirsbach%20benches.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="535" data-original-width="1043" height="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA_A-O7IVtJnLzw4_OLrwJtUTOaA7iaz43gyWow75HiHQ38yKwYQ6UcONBOCegubDeQOhLNtEIrR46PyEPxdTmAEfcrIfs5vUAKWRMyfRic0ETMsMWmv6Pa9ufFgvkteV0j4MqJD6dz6tlgLliSc_4gQu-sw5LDYV4LuRxTO3F3IkxrNI-ND6O3NTmHIE/w640-h328/alpirsbach%20benches.jpg" width="640" /></a><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Three turned benches (with footrest) are visible on this old photo of the Alpirsbach monastery, where there is now only one.</span></i></div><p style="text-align: justify;">Turned wooden furniture was relatively common during the early medieval period (500-1300): quite some examples of beds, chairs and benches have been archaeologically excavated or have survived in situ (see e.g. Appuhn, 1978/1979; Doppelfeld, 1960; Karlson, 1928; Kortekaas and Blom, 2011; Proos, 2018; Theune-Groβkopf and Nedoma, 2008). One often mentioned example is (are) the choir-bench (es) of the <a href="https://www.kloster-alpirsbach.de/en/">Alpirsbach monastery</a> in Alpirsbach, southern Germany. There is now only one bench left in the former cloister, the ones that moved to the Schlossmuseum in Stuttgart were lost during the second world war. Also the footrests have not survived, both in the cloister and the museum.</p><p></p><i><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_4y7QxKolFJoMRoKSEkp-iMbqA6SjGIF18ta1OSwiPR2kJ09zTLOg4YObNMykHC_Rn_V1lwUTFxEVcUHHXMdHIo9XskzweyoWBECeFNjRFkrRirt9iL-mmdraVg9P94JwzbY-NNdLxqYIdnGvsqYNcqYPLimrdC6F6BIzyoOxIWefROrtX32NQrQCyfw/s6016/0744%20alpirsbach%20klooster.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="6016" data-original-width="4000" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_4y7QxKolFJoMRoKSEkp-iMbqA6SjGIF18ta1OSwiPR2kJ09zTLOg4YObNMykHC_Rn_V1lwUTFxEVcUHHXMdHIo9XskzweyoWBECeFNjRFkrRirt9iL-mmdraVg9P94JwzbY-NNdLxqYIdnGvsqYNcqYPLimrdC6F6BIzyoOxIWefROrtX32NQrQCyfw/w266-h400/0744%20alpirsbach%20klooster.jpg" width="266" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Alpirsbach monastery, now a small museum.</span></i></div></i><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcyWpfCmRBx7hnp6DN-0NhTASkJui3oKWscokPArWR35qavcInwiGXXwbOhF91pjWbsFr-dD3G1EPRw7dnYrD8ElNMDU8byQgLObITn2mkfgZMpg2mTfo0HzkW_UjYPtt9t25wGSAIla1xK6hvjRd8pDRd660GSqelkNa_VAtYEyj-P69QiXiQjheq0Bw/s5520/0721%20alpirsbach%20totaal.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2731" data-original-width="5520" height="317" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcyWpfCmRBx7hnp6DN-0NhTASkJui3oKWscokPArWR35qavcInwiGXXwbOhF91pjWbsFr-dD3G1EPRw7dnYrD8ElNMDU8byQgLObITn2mkfgZMpg2mTfo0HzkW_UjYPtt9t25wGSAIla1xK6hvjRd8pDRd660GSqelkNa_VAtYEyj-P69QiXiQjheq0Bw/w640-h317/0721%20alpirsbach%20totaal.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The large turned choir bench in Romanesque style of Alpirsbach, 6.7 metres long.</span></i></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="text-align: justify;">Lately, we visited Alpirsbach to have a look at the Romanescque bench. The surviving example can be found in the cloister church and is massive; 6.70 meters long, 1.26 cm high, with a depth of 67 cm. Seating height is about 46 cm. The turned vertical posts are made from oak and are around 13-14 cm thick. The top of each post has a turned knob. The posts themselves contain many decorative turned lines. The connecting slats and horizontal turned armrest (arond 7 cm thick) at the sides are also from oak. (I assume that the seating supports underneath the bench are also from oak.) The seating is made from a single fir wood board (on one side restored) of around 4 cm thickness; the long boards of the backrest and front are also made from fir. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSk8rwxpOSx9uWo1USQ-1c1pvsUCrnAldygfYX5c_j_-qlrc7ENQFPbVT5dW6UexX_LiuU-BZWRegPKimT9pVgHXabnl50UZo6tub-oOD362DtrXA0Ob7pWyBy0h4QyP4dF8_mQadUc7Wcpe4vZ0DgAwomlX0dzQAKrs164-x5IrrzpQtRuin8ys-DmH4/s6016/0720%20alpirsbach%20totaal.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="6016" data-original-width="4000" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSk8rwxpOSx9uWo1USQ-1c1pvsUCrnAldygfYX5c_j_-qlrc7ENQFPbVT5dW6UexX_LiuU-BZWRegPKimT9pVgHXabnl50UZo6tub-oOD362DtrXA0Ob7pWyBy0h4QyP4dF8_mQadUc7Wcpe4vZ0DgAwomlX0dzQAKrs164-x5IrrzpQtRuin8ys-DmH4/w266-h400/0720%20alpirsbach%20totaal.jpg" width="266" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAFlaFm6VmTfzRStbEKxGlBnrmIGvmfmhNK-H6ULdo_9gixXj4tYFwj4TeQg87frTrCUKS3SqiqsZiXcw0DUFTv96X-gtVkqCZF_pNWDMACZ-OZitW6DS3hRL3mQJ1jupemQ_wp1qfgdAU8GOZsDd71ejSrg24XrzX66ZNbafcGcFuA_GX1E9CmkNRdAg/s6016/0716%20alpirsbach%20rechts.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="6016" data-original-width="4000" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAFlaFm6VmTfzRStbEKxGlBnrmIGvmfmhNK-H6ULdo_9gixXj4tYFwj4TeQg87frTrCUKS3SqiqsZiXcw0DUFTv96X-gtVkqCZF_pNWDMACZ-OZitW6DS3hRL3mQJ1jupemQ_wp1qfgdAU8GOZsDd71ejSrg24XrzX66ZNbafcGcFuA_GX1E9CmkNRdAg/w266-h400/0716%20alpirsbach%20rechts.jpg" width="266" /></a></div></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The seating consists of one board, the part on the left side of the bench is restored. </span></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZrr8KFe-Y-ot6JTRJ5VgCXDp3NOaeOil-jwjHLMTNtYs98lx4C1QPQlnu7SB1hr-_1IFl5KpSaDkqqUsc0e_8DHNGlyWC0foCkUS1bkRm6yinEDRSp51wF4PbnQP3OOEGrLOmBccw0aCQgqndrbpAAFBFiMzQaNLFQHLGteSigHAGOwO6pdx2k0cpiyc/s5424/0713%20alpirsbach%20midden.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="5424" data-original-width="4000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZrr8KFe-Y-ot6JTRJ5VgCXDp3NOaeOil-jwjHLMTNtYs98lx4C1QPQlnu7SB1hr-_1IFl5KpSaDkqqUsc0e_8DHNGlyWC0foCkUS1bkRm6yinEDRSp51wF4PbnQP3OOEGrLOmBccw0aCQgqndrbpAAFBFiMzQaNLFQHLGteSigHAGOwO6pdx2k0cpiyc/w472-h640/0713%20alpirsbach%20midden.jpg" width="472" /></a></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The middle post of the bench. You can see the decorative lines on the vertical posts. The backrest is fixed with 2 large dark-coloured pins to the vertical post. More pins can be spotted: along the rail on top of the backrest board. The middle turned stile of the beackrest is fixed with pins to the top and bottom boards. The front oak post is fixed with a round pin to the bottom boards. One of the bottom front stiles (second right from the post) is fixed with square pins on top and below, and finally the seating board is fixed to the front board with a square pin (left of the post).</span></i></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3awOBCGEJzeCz35Ht2dWzZVEONIxKGPKtLMbNl_TR7yWqn7EfJMen0bdoZWcZreE4KXz4IVreE6S6xYS9UOofAEkOFXAN7IlHuPvxbsUmf7CEXJPXXCvVUr8nDO-d7yXEGX24FJo9To4ejOzDtDVzSFdAPWI9luY0gywXKr8XhfCiHuQVUawnnqgw9xw/s6016/0714%20alpirsbach%20links.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="6016" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3awOBCGEJzeCz35Ht2dWzZVEONIxKGPKtLMbNl_TR7yWqn7EfJMen0bdoZWcZreE4KXz4IVreE6S6xYS9UOofAEkOFXAN7IlHuPvxbsUmf7CEXJPXXCvVUr8nDO-d7yXEGX24FJo9To4ejOzDtDVzSFdAPWI9luY0gywXKr8XhfCiHuQVUawnnqgw9xw/w640-h426/0714%20alpirsbach%20links.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Depending on the angle you look at the bench, the turned decoration of the backrest shows its X-pattern. Along the seating board, you see pins at intervals that nail the bottom front board to the seating board. Also visible in the front board are the 2 mortise and tenon joints of the supports for the seating board.</span></i></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYtYOpDhxcWVILopLBoXk1lUqBUPYY0rDgupcdxcj79YAstg1lxYIE0ZiSYzT6fMeN4Sy6yQcLsDsrCphO9DeDS7DhM4_oM9WjQPhTbIwoMP_QTidYg3OCV6Y3MHaYT_inwHHX5XQq7SWYjYCLmqynEUO3pgdY7bwHlbVPOiMUTrsdLY8I36sfdkluIDY/s6016/0728_alpirsbach%20rugpatroon.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="6016" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYtYOpDhxcWVILopLBoXk1lUqBUPYY0rDgupcdxcj79YAstg1lxYIE0ZiSYzT6fMeN4Sy6yQcLsDsrCphO9DeDS7DhM4_oM9WjQPhTbIwoMP_QTidYg3OCV6Y3MHaYT_inwHHX5XQq7SWYjYCLmqynEUO3pgdY7bwHlbVPOiMUTrsdLY8I36sfdkluIDY/w640-h426/0728_alpirsbach%20rugpatroon.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The square patterns of the backrest. The two outer stiles of each square fit into a hole in the boards. Sometimes an extra vertical stile is added between the squares which is fixed with pins on the boards. You can see the extra one between the first and second square; there is no extra one between the second and third square.</span></i><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ6DeFkZwGGII5IRRI1VmiQrl2XiQY4NFvoWbrxGm9Pi5NrgMIWxwbd_VL0LS3MlbPyqGZw2vTF2jPglUs9hMicU5Fj-jbUlUo2IgWRCckgpf8toCD3AXHsXvDuu5ri7HH6IaIX0KCbQU_7ebtxeC3Eh6I3_cAGoQ5Jqx4mkJGzjZRK9SK1l35yn2UmCY/s6016/0726%20alpirsbach%20rechts%20ander%20patroon.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="6016" data-original-width="4000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ6DeFkZwGGII5IRRI1VmiQrl2XiQY4NFvoWbrxGm9Pi5NrgMIWxwbd_VL0LS3MlbPyqGZw2vTF2jPglUs9hMicU5Fj-jbUlUo2IgWRCckgpf8toCD3AXHsXvDuu5ri7HH6IaIX0KCbQU_7ebtxeC3Eh6I3_cAGoQ5Jqx4mkJGzjZRK9SK1l35yn2UmCY/w426-h640/0726%20alpirsbach%20rechts%20ander%20patroon.jpg" width="426" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The turned patterns of this square are partly different. The turner made rows of hollows or rows of rounds, instead of rounds interspaced with thin lines (compare photo above).</span></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLsGNXbhrquzaJQyxJgCBZeJo_iqB3WX4DX0kNvSDV3zQG5bzLyP6VwhLLXb841Xlh7H6pUjw1qN-dUggSOFxMIY9uK7MCcGwoJ99MswyKygG41qXOhe2pOQMZyGYgAs2QO5DfzjTZhXH0kPhisrh8Ws2qZ9gHKZWfmttlChG1vj4YdvJM-bVhx0J-eF8/s6016/0717%20alpirsbach%20onder.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="6016" data-original-width="4000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLsGNXbhrquzaJQyxJgCBZeJo_iqB3WX4DX0kNvSDV3zQG5bzLyP6VwhLLXb841Xlh7H6pUjw1qN-dUggSOFxMIY9uK7MCcGwoJ99MswyKygG41qXOhe2pOQMZyGYgAs2QO5DfzjTZhXH0kPhisrh8Ws2qZ9gHKZWfmttlChG1vj4YdvJM-bVhx0J-eF8/w426-h640/0717%20alpirsbach%20onder.jpg" width="426" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Looking underneath is always interesting. There is a large block under the seating. This could be a support that raises the bench from the floor (you can see the vertical posts are not on the stone floor) or as support for the restored seatingboard (On this side the support shows two boards, the left one is the board from the restoration). </span></i></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGGyaU1sy9GumHIHvOtaLTooDiXdjgCwvR0WzCtA9LaAB553-VTZ7AgF8u7N_gR76SQqxNJP4sNaU8xyuUoAZje1g4KsQO4OEVvnoJGrEDm4v_ZJhCoVyFbI5K-08Xli-OYi9hn31cF5BnraiOBpCzLIcvcfcr7WilGLmHfcOtY1h7MifnZZx1UQw2wS8/s6016/0718%20alpirsbach%20onder.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="6016" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGGyaU1sy9GumHIHvOtaLTooDiXdjgCwvR0WzCtA9LaAB553-VTZ7AgF8u7N_gR76SQqxNJP4sNaU8xyuUoAZje1g4KsQO4OEVvnoJGrEDm4v_ZJhCoVyFbI5K-08Xli-OYi9hn31cF5BnraiOBpCzLIcvcfcr7WilGLmHfcOtY1h7MifnZZx1UQw2wS8/w400-h266/0718%20alpirsbach%20onder.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><i><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">More supports for the seating can be seen underneath.</span></i></div></i><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLTsCnho9uMXnyp4irr0brJqzyfg93Dhja_Q98O2xdypbaX9Vl2NiwsTOzRJ3PLeCNhfZltnMPasN-vwfRsTM3UHaBsoRHJas9ByQMcD1NoguwdObGhJm6pjGT4FW4HZy5Fg6U8ggQCowqnUxeZn47DpKJ2aT6-zPOpGCUDc92DDgmq5-57RcY4BUAB0Y/s6016/0723%20alpirsbach%20voor.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3407" data-original-width="6016" height="362" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLTsCnho9uMXnyp4irr0brJqzyfg93Dhja_Q98O2xdypbaX9Vl2NiwsTOzRJ3PLeCNhfZltnMPasN-vwfRsTM3UHaBsoRHJas9ByQMcD1NoguwdObGhJm6pjGT4FW4HZy5Fg6U8ggQCowqnUxeZn47DpKJ2aT6-zPOpGCUDc92DDgmq5-57RcY4BUAB0Y/w640-h362/0723%20alpirsbach%20voor.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">A closer look at the front boards and stiles, and a mortise and tenon joint for the support of the seating. On the right is an insert, showing a small restoration of the front board. </span></i><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">The turned decoration of the backrest, armrest and on the front below the seating are made from a third wood type: ash. The turned stiles of the backrest are around 3.3 cm thick, in a square of around 33 cm (i.e. 10 stiles per square). In total the Alpirsbach bench has 16 of these squares, sometimes separated by an extra vertical turned stile that is fixed by a pin in the boards above and below. However, if you look at the old image of the destroyed bench, only 15 squares are counted, meaning the benches did not have an exactly same size. That there are some discrepancies is even visible within the surviving bench. Patterns of some stiles between the squares can be suddenly different. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs_1OrbZL5lf2j6RFGR1R0Wxnfj4m5ua6E_XpBhvtZLkCWWIajz5ZmPHwiRVWgIQFLPGKzTOi8jJ1vygx7_ibWXVYklZOMSzfqrSRPlcvi1TQqvph5_1BBbG9Ll85NYTKYCXIsrIcxoF-uUAnY_5sIsiI4xvxKMLoANkxIfvEAXkM0LQWEhNHgw3xJAbk/s2358/alpirsbach%20bench%20in%20museum%20stuttgart.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="557" data-original-width="2358" height="152" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs_1OrbZL5lf2j6RFGR1R0Wxnfj4m5ua6E_XpBhvtZLkCWWIajz5ZmPHwiRVWgIQFLPGKzTOi8jJ1vygx7_ibWXVYklZOMSzfqrSRPlcvi1TQqvph5_1BBbG9Ll85NYTKYCXIsrIcxoF-uUAnY_5sIsiI4xvxKMLoANkxIfvEAXkM0LQWEhNHgw3xJAbk/w640-h152/alpirsbach%20bench%20in%20museum%20stuttgart.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi16I9mA71qLiSRANOAxAVfJ_lf_xIsUiOmYBg57jYhjOGKaSJum9N2g1mBZMw2gL8KKvt1ZqDISGfQkNquIcDx25ynmynOb6NAHrnlm-ggKcylC2BSGL3JT-DQAGdhEheCaXn9AwYQpx8OGQCcKU-RaPk-arN_N922ddtkWOSJ90mRhzrc9LdcFscyq5c/s2846/Alpirsbach%20bench%20front.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="609" data-original-width="2846" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi16I9mA71qLiSRANOAxAVfJ_lf_xIsUiOmYBg57jYhjOGKaSJum9N2g1mBZMw2gL8KKvt1ZqDISGfQkNquIcDx25ynmynOb6NAHrnlm-ggKcylC2BSGL3JT-DQAGdhEheCaXn9AwYQpx8OGQCcKU-RaPk-arN_N922ddtkWOSJ90mRhzrc9LdcFscyq5c/w640-h136/Alpirsbach%20bench%20front.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Top: Front of the bench in the Stuttgart museum with 15 'squares' (image scanned from Von Falke, 1924). Bottom: Front of the bench in Alpirsbach with 16 squares (image from wikimedia).</span></i></div>
<br /><div style="text-align: justify;">The turned stiles in the armrest are in two squares of around 20 x 20 cm. On top of the backrest is another turned stile, which is fixed to the board by pins. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhodfkKtaRmtNtO1zZKUPbhdz2bSMQlUBY9peE4CUr1T9PvS6cXfdBgHC4PDQ5_of_4tSYwsUmfeF2HrEJFvX6yU6bTyIdbZ9j2XEJAkFefS80Wh8f7CEPR_cwVGnL0GbfwkWeP8ITVUCcKFzErMsiB1QUnc9TVXouLL7s7d1NvF39ujuGl4LChLiEUVpY/s6016/0709%20alpirsbach%20zij.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="6016" data-original-width="4000" height="742" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhodfkKtaRmtNtO1zZKUPbhdz2bSMQlUBY9peE4CUr1T9PvS6cXfdBgHC4PDQ5_of_4tSYwsUmfeF2HrEJFvX6yU6bTyIdbZ9j2XEJAkFefS80Wh8f7CEPR_cwVGnL0GbfwkWeP8ITVUCcKFzErMsiB1QUnc9TVXouLL7s7d1NvF39ujuGl4LChLiEUVpY/w494-h742/0709%20alpirsbach%20zij.jpg" width="494" /></a>
<div><span style="font-size: x-small; text-align: center;"><i>The side of the Alpirsbach bench. The decorative lines can clearly be seen on the posts. Only the top turned armrest and the bottom oak support are fixed by pins. Also visible is that the seating board consists of one plank. The turned decorative stiles have differnt patterns depending on their place in the 'square'. The height of the armrest is around 77 cm.</i></span></div><div><span style="font-size: x-small; text-align: center;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxAmRQcBfz7FB86JQwfsiCdx4jCjNxQiJ4N8eBYbK4TNegNrtfocxnambdiAa44jSYNWffrOKDsBIJp_t8a5_usYaBxD9NxvXc3gpqcVN8urTu8NrpOxopwk-WfB-xJLf1NBoXCAWtKgjroePD_i_O6pAOdpQZP0t2G1JOi9BkLfnM4NvxiDaWgc4oaKM/s1577/alpirsbach%20bench%20in%20museum%20stuttgart%203.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1577" data-original-width="1036" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxAmRQcBfz7FB86JQwfsiCdx4jCjNxQiJ4N8eBYbK4TNegNrtfocxnambdiAa44jSYNWffrOKDsBIJp_t8a5_usYaBxD9NxvXc3gpqcVN8urTu8NrpOxopwk-WfB-xJLf1NBoXCAWtKgjroePD_i_O6pAOdpQZP0t2G1JOi9BkLfnM4NvxiDaWgc4oaKM/w263-h400/alpirsbach%20bench%20in%20museum%20stuttgart%203.jpg" width="263" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The side from the lost bench from the Stuttgart museum. It could be a 'badly' taken photo, but the turned side looks more like a carved board here - no open spaces are visible. (image scanned from Von Falke, 1924).</span></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">The benches were thought to date from the 13th century (von Falke, 1924), however more recent dendrological dating proved the oak to be from 1344 (so the bench must have been made after this date). The size and weigth of the benches make it likely that they were locally contructed. The surviving bench is lifted slightly from the ground (some anchors in the wall?) - which I noticed when I looked more carefully at the photos - likely as a measure to prevent moisture damage to the posts. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoXCyTMdTlTcBd9AUDhwKmLALbb-30GII879nKu-tdeKMxRKtjNZDyLSK4I4Q6PhzYIb7HKSlodcs_eSL1GCbtj0pjGwn-VF6cwy7UuG2bfwtAeQ09SMUciC01vVGQqFRndjnBg_-KdgwioogLi2U1BVOv49gYq7kRizKJtApi_FwAooQUdSzeu1KV5Ro/s6016/0730%20alpirsbach%20links.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="6016" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoXCyTMdTlTcBd9AUDhwKmLALbb-30GII879nKu-tdeKMxRKtjNZDyLSK4I4Q6PhzYIb7HKSlodcs_eSL1GCbtj0pjGwn-VF6cwy7UuG2bfwtAeQ09SMUciC01vVGQqFRndjnBg_-KdgwioogLi2U1BVOv49gYq7kRizKJtApi_FwAooQUdSzeu1KV5Ro/w640-h426/0730%20alpirsbach%20links.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div><h3 style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Sources</h3><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Appuhn, H., 1978/1979. Beitrage zur geschichte des herrschersitzer im Mittelalter. I teil. Gedrechselte Sitze. Aachener Kunstblatter 48, pages 25-52. </li><li>Doppelfeld, Otto. 1960. Das fränkische Frauengrab unter dem Chor des Kölner Domes. Germania 38: pages 89-113.</li><li>Karlson, W., 1928. Studier i Sveriges medeltida mobelkonst. N.M. Mandelgren, Atlas till Sveriges odlinghistorica. Tillagshafte V. A.H. Ph. Lindtstedts Universitetsbokhandel, Lund, Sweden. </li><li>Kortekaas, Gert and Blom, Marcella met medewerking van Rogier Kruisman. 2011. Over stoelen en banken. Een middeleeuwse meubelvondst uit Groningen. Archeobrief 2: 15-17. </li><li>Proos, Rene. 2018. De stoel van Overschie. Holland – historisch tijdschrift 50: 254-263.</li><li>Theune-Groβkopf, Barbara and Nedoma, Robert. 2008. Stuhlbeigabe in völkerwanderungs- und merowingerzeitlichen Gräbern im Spiegel eines neuen Befundes mit Runeninschrift aus Trossingen, Lkr. Tuttlingen. Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 38 (Nr. 3), pages 423-436.</li><li>Von Falke, O. 1924. Deutsche möbel des Mittelalters und der renaissance. Verlag von Julius Hoffmann, Stuttgart, Germany.</li></ul></div>Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-49121329653860479262024-01-02T21:14:00.000+01:002024-01-02T21:14:22.106+01:00A pre-medieval tool post: Dutch wooden runcina <p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">Both Bram and I are members of the Dutch Tools and Crafts Society (</span><a href="http://ambachtengereedschap.nl/" style="text-align: left;">Vereniging Ambacht en Gereedschap</a><span style="text-align: left;">) which also publishes a well-illustrated high quality yearly magazine (the Gildebrief) with articles (in the Dutch language) on historic tools and crafts. We have written several papers for the magazine on medieval tools, such as the 14th century Dordrecht brace or the tools heraldically associated with Jean sans Peur. The Gildebrief uses a moving wall for online access to the older years of the magazine (see website - publications for downloads). </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFLRrVcoLAbI0I8WlFBJGisMziEcYchWs7vmnrPP2BGQPj-3aqk32Lygr1HxLwO7S1d_TkFZ0GEtLc2F1jEdRTyFrsIyBFYXYr0eIFjX_93JTaJu1XgOkXxEkKDWA3Rv8gT5mhn2XrEWuJtLiyU28gQ0FiWs9wwmGKal_ia1Rzxw31jvkANGXnSOobv00/s2451/Figuur%208%20DMN1-259%20de%20meern.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1146" data-original-width="2451" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFLRrVcoLAbI0I8WlFBJGisMziEcYchWs7vmnrPP2BGQPj-3aqk32Lygr1HxLwO7S1d_TkFZ0GEtLc2F1jEdRTyFrsIyBFYXYr0eIFjX_93JTaJu1XgOkXxEkKDWA3Rv8gT5mhn2XrEWuJtLiyU28gQ0FiWs9wwmGKal_ia1Rzxw31jvkANGXnSOobv00/w400-h188/Figuur%208%20DMN1-259%20de%20meern.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZyZpReRLuZz-WfoO5y3H1LJwgULzdE9itTZJGGMzglTfaqMR6fEabUv90-TdLXic7MG0cw-e1zwDkjg4skD61IVotleTnR03vmCYQcud2Le6oqY82TPDV-GBEF8dyTPqVNqMQpuhQkxCovWtLgLbOEt2MLwJ4Ek8WqFNmlUr8e_IJusKJpjcPhU4iT6s/s2460/de%20meern%20schaaf%204.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1644" data-original-width="2460" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZyZpReRLuZz-WfoO5y3H1LJwgULzdE9itTZJGGMzglTfaqMR6fEabUv90-TdLXic7MG0cw-e1zwDkjg4skD61IVotleTnR03vmCYQcud2Le6oqY82TPDV-GBEF8dyTPqVNqMQpuhQkxCovWtLgLbOEt2MLwJ4Ek8WqFNmlUr8e_IJusKJpjcPhU4iT6s/w400-h268/de%20meern%20schaaf%204.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Both sides of plane DMN1-259 from Utrecht-De Meern, the Netherlands. Drawing by Raf Timmermans.</i></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgulH2mcVNL60nE76B0yx0lPrMEB9toc0n52eobBV6BPRYvc5KVQv4BzIrY-8UDeEDsJdl1oujXvi0EaNwmQfFbyj-sCx3TKOb32jEKST3kscdVN9Gvc1XFaQbVoUCEqfEjXVgGH0J0UpOs3ePmXAQFmKXzyr9NKlX0u7yIs5KCtog9O2NITTx8wZN1Nbo/s4813/Figuur%207%20dmn1-159%20de%20meern.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2712" data-original-width="4813" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgulH2mcVNL60nE76B0yx0lPrMEB9toc0n52eobBV6BPRYvc5KVQv4BzIrY-8UDeEDsJdl1oujXvi0EaNwmQfFbyj-sCx3TKOb32jEKST3kscdVN9Gvc1XFaQbVoUCEqfEjXVgGH0J0UpOs3ePmXAQFmKXzyr9NKlX0u7yIs5KCtog9O2NITTx8wZN1Nbo/w400-h225/Figuur%207%20dmn1-159%20de%20meern.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Plane DMN1-159 from Utrecht-De Meern, the Netherlands. Drawing by Raf Timmermans.</span></i></div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;">In 1922 we had written an article on the wooden Roman planes (runcina) found in the Netherlands - there are six surviving wooden examples, some older than the Romen planes excavated in Herculaneum (There also exists a hybrid metal-wood Roman plane from Zwammerdam, the Netherlands). Unfortunately, a lot of mistakes were entered during typesetting of the paper, and the corrections have not been published in the Gildebrief of 1923.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9Ps8sYSzfeij0sSj69Zk2khWMK5OeIexJsWCt6_yVovoZCABXDj8goAalOKXJcOYs9nMLhLX_RZLMWUZCEPWzn9yIzrMGdRF7f6779O7Zk8R1ZqsAHPn61Rvvnk8mshgwocjkYivSGA_sqjog-FmaLziNxLeXz9ydcijxr-AP43t3vhOuWvRUjqnaqdw/s5364/Figuur%205%20DMN1-160%20de%20meern.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2893" data-original-width="5364" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9Ps8sYSzfeij0sSj69Zk2khWMK5OeIexJsWCt6_yVovoZCABXDj8goAalOKXJcOYs9nMLhLX_RZLMWUZCEPWzn9yIzrMGdRF7f6779O7Zk8R1ZqsAHPn61Rvvnk8mshgwocjkYivSGA_sqjog-FmaLziNxLeXz9ydcijxr-AP43t3vhOuWvRUjqnaqdw/w400-h216/Figuur%205%20DMN1-160%20de%20meern.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-size: x-small;"><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Plane DMN1-160 from <span style="text-align: center;">Utrecht-De Meern, the Netherlands. </span><span style="text-align: center;">Drawing by Raf Timmermans.</span></i></div></span><div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit9vn5NgZPrKmx_e240HhsV_JpcnMu6sdHfvRLNmVdiLUPXetReVJx0seo8eST3ReeYjabLy0uZEXOUyFiteslqYspldf0-cMgc3wiNmnXwMbpoOXR6rQfVZ6SRkCsJJHXaWVbLuni7cR_uAeIY9D3xI-Kyj0kBFS2OKJMS0CRir6KyvgoY8e2lSf9jzw/s2716/de%20meern%20schaaf%202.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="747" data-original-width="2716" height="110" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit9vn5NgZPrKmx_e240HhsV_JpcnMu6sdHfvRLNmVdiLUPXetReVJx0seo8eST3ReeYjabLy0uZEXOUyFiteslqYspldf0-cMgc3wiNmnXwMbpoOXR6rQfVZ6SRkCsJJHXaWVbLuni7cR_uAeIY9D3xI-Kyj0kBFS2OKJMS0CRir6KyvgoY8e2lSf9jzw/w400-h110/de%20meern%20schaaf%202.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkKKUd3k1X2XOjwf0ObF6dTLWvLmwYji27X6ExnJ6JidhY0Nh5SW23hKPvWid6OgSsk7Kdk9CrbNwiDPgpW0HcGie3p5bTNlCzCxcv1c3li7_XpPNuzzdn76hrUdDAwTy6y6JEFQVVnVX07E24_I2Cl_igvqsr-8Ops7G209Vnf2NXUrRKedjtOgkS5Do/s2101/Figuur%206%20de%20meern%201-225.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="790" data-original-width="2101" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkKKUd3k1X2XOjwf0ObF6dTLWvLmwYji27X6ExnJ6JidhY0Nh5SW23hKPvWid6OgSsk7Kdk9CrbNwiDPgpW0HcGie3p5bTNlCzCxcv1c3li7_XpPNuzzdn76hrUdDAwTy6y6JEFQVVnVX07E24_I2Cl_igvqsr-8Ops7G209Vnf2NXUrRKedjtOgkS5Do/w400-h150/Figuur%206%20de%20meern%201-225.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Plane DMN1-225, the bottom version has been restored, Utrecht-De Meern, the Netherlands. Drawing by Raf Timmermans.</i></span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">I therefore made a <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1G1LJcTEBsAT9DccUgZozczbOEEK2yChn/view?usp=drive_link">corrected version of the article</a> (including the correct measurement table for plane DMN1-159, and the complete reference list), which is now made available through this post. It is still in Dutch language though. The planes of Utrecht-De Meern are on display - with the other spectacular woodworking tools from the Roman toolchest - at <a href="https://museumhogewoerd.nl">Museum Hoge Woerd </a>(Utrecht, the Netherlands).</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKrvuG46z5tMspOuc7RYTSZ60JBmZJE2njTSkfcHGd3XZV7-TG1VCs7N431ieh02mxqrGhpFgIfmluLBdxpTaGn_lK6z1Q9ii16Ibqp4yS_1l1Z1i10Z4X5eCUnF0mC03vxTgZLWLxu2g85hUsJ0gg6s8bmT_fVnCezO5TOIDD2B7rqrJBRFEouhUJAZs/s2185/Figuur%2010%20Velsen%201.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="873" data-original-width="2185" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKrvuG46z5tMspOuc7RYTSZ60JBmZJE2njTSkfcHGd3XZV7-TG1VCs7N431ieh02mxqrGhpFgIfmluLBdxpTaGn_lK6z1Q9ii16Ibqp4yS_1l1Z1i10Z4X5eCUnF0mC03vxTgZLWLxu2g85hUsJ0gg6s8bmT_fVnCezO5TOIDD2B7rqrJBRFEouhUJAZs/w400-h160/Figuur%2010%20Velsen%201.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="text-align: left;">The Velsen 1 plane from the Roman fort at Velsen, the Netherlands. Photo S. Lange, Biax Consult. </span>Drawing by Raf Timmermans.</span></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzIdqmhW79fqWJ2Qa1p85u72zFHZwU7cq9J2NumypgaMxhr5XstpJzbeKVQjCRp16aEpm60otpr7sKk0dI3SEGjlp27nv4X2B3R4_92XFkJwZDxhXlGGyNGkER8Z2trIHNdgTeoXaK6MrRCUdJw67L3HnHrWWDkO3EkhgNOqFjtJBp9C8XNWicZK0a9og/s2185/Figuur%2011%20velsen%202.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1191" data-original-width="2185" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzIdqmhW79fqWJ2Qa1p85u72zFHZwU7cq9J2NumypgaMxhr5XstpJzbeKVQjCRp16aEpm60otpr7sKk0dI3SEGjlp27nv4X2B3R4_92XFkJwZDxhXlGGyNGkER8Z2trIHNdgTeoXaK6MrRCUdJw67L3HnHrWWDkO3EkhgNOqFjtJBp9C8XNWicZK0a9og/w400-h217/Figuur%2011%20velsen%202.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="text-align: left;">The Velsen 2 plane from the Roman fort at Velsen, the Netherlands. </span><span style="text-align: left;">Photo S. Lange, Biax Consult. </span>Drawing by Raf Timmermans.</span></i></div></div>Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-76460480694885188202023-12-12T20:47:00.000+01:002023-12-12T20:47:14.549+01:00Tresoor of castle hernen (part 7): the hanging stiles.<p style="text-align: justify;">Six-sided medieval dressoirs, like our Hernen Tresoor, often had some free hanging stiles with a decorated end. Also larger four-sided dressoirs could have such a free hanging style in the middle of the front. The decorated ends come in two versions: fifteenth century dressoirs tend to show an upside down pyramidal decoration, whereas later a shift to decorated bulbs (e.g. the Langeais dressoir) and (female) figurine busts occurs. </p>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1212" data-original-width="1274" height="380" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv2i9egbkYuAolFBjbcinKei0SfYAYGn8dxI-KdACDQQYvpHHifSzN99VtSTM-fxW6TH75GwTEBHl985a3fTimb6U8Qp_KygnnO1fn2Mcaay6NThTO07dShc0yGaZ4k8E2v6Dg7x_8grOa18PFKWQER3JlmuuE-ZB7R-odXv5PTJ_Js7N0cD3hnk7dtlc/w400-h380/IMG_0003.jpg" width="400" /></a>
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<i><span style="font-size: x-small;">A four-sided dressoir with an upended piramid end of the free hanging stile. Oak, late 15th century. Heigth 131 cm, width 126 cm, depth 48 cm. Image scanned from the book Le mobilier Francais du moyen age a la renaissance, by J. Boccador. </span></i></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1526" data-original-width="1213" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkxtieEmhNf9gmmLOci_hc85BZUuXvlUeVpwnYDBiMzMlsQb3AyTpPtfRfENs74vACzqxmJmh8FJjsfPPybbJe0DvfNLy07V14df4kKvxpCAtE0Y5CQzyolodM9R2EmDxDN9V71N5JFVOMvFO0TeBre1v6Q_zG-iGtKqgrwHFwEo5qiQYO-b4FulPWpT0/w318-h400/IMG_0001.jpg" width="318" /></a>
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<i><span style="font-size: x-small;">A four-sided dressoir with an upended piramid end of the free hanging stile. Oak, around 1480-1490. Heigth 145.5 cm, width 99 cm, depth 48.5 cm. Image scanned from the book Le mobilier Francais du moyen age a la renaissance, by J. Boccador. </span></i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTXPp_yYe3l_SNAiS1BHqJG8-ZhZPlV6NcuWO_qQRrCDyaTqW-5QHB5NnlhFujMlVJ1ncUeA44n4Zq93MnOHe9Bla45IJNAQAVQb8EtbXKjKA5naYgAkqbJn6wUVR49fjgJ0gh7xQsYcJOvQK3eqHIQMq4lY3Ky-Pwf-ztk36nJsjCP6uQ_cf-zrGrjbc/s1576/IMG_0005.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1576" data-original-width="1254" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTXPp_yYe3l_SNAiS1BHqJG8-ZhZPlV6NcuWO_qQRrCDyaTqW-5QHB5NnlhFujMlVJ1ncUeA44n4Zq93MnOHe9Bla45IJNAQAVQb8EtbXKjKA5naYgAkqbJn6wUVR49fjgJ0gh7xQsYcJOvQK3eqHIQMq4lY3Ky-Pwf-ztk36nJsjCP6uQ_cf-zrGrjbc/w319-h400/IMG_0005.jpg" width="319" /></a>
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<i style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A six-sided dressoir with an upside down piramid end on the three free hanging stiles. Oak, around 1490-1500. From the collection Bresset. Image scanned from the book Le mobilier Francais du moyen age a la renaissance, by J. Boccador. </span></i></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1069" data-original-width="814" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2VGqR8yvYOJg2waiQW9HQyf8Ng9qGdy3JlQqC_YEi0aUHZONtqiBbTWNTNM48UYKylSWn7BAW7nFBg74fVt7Cycv-12lHHS9pl3s76JiovRLszxne09_KKBX6Fm1H0BPt5k9zmrdtUW_xN6OPiONjFM-tbuzMtdWSsv1uZVI72HqRjtKgaAYnJgYvoDM/w305-h400/llangeais-dressoir-1.jpg" width="305" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The six-sided dressoir from Chateau Langeais, France with bulb-headed ends of the free stiles. </span></i></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Dressoir with floral decoration. France, first quarter of the 16th century (and parts 19th century). Oak, Height 161.5 cm, width 120 cm, depth 53.5 cm. Louvre Inventory nr. OA 6972. Image from the book by Agnès Bos, 2019.</span></i></div>
<br /><p style="text-align: justify;">As we wanted to create a more late medieval look, we chose the upside down pyramid style for the tresoor of Castle Hernen. </p><div style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpsjdgLBqXW8IGm7KIF9PVQZhpzqoFIV_hiqRg75pprww-e1NbkphW3eCqgoVSXEGa1Fofipj4fB762X7dtYHu_kftSGaoZKLwFlYagxStKUT4o55uuPTaytgHSf4W7ICUl5c7qnaoYdoI99XVXlTbXPzBYhiEOi5JU8hLrgbvE0hYt4n44ke0f8IQTFM/s1150/0164-langeais-high-dressoir-under.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="677" data-original-width="1150" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpsjdgLBqXW8IGm7KIF9PVQZhpzqoFIV_hiqRg75pprww-e1NbkphW3eCqgoVSXEGa1Fofipj4fB762X7dtYHu_kftSGaoZKLwFlYagxStKUT4o55uuPTaytgHSf4W7ICUl5c7qnaoYdoI99XVXlTbXPzBYhiEOi5JU8hLrgbvE0hYt4n44ke0f8IQTFM/w400-h235/0164-langeais-high-dressoir-under.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">A high six-sided dressoir at chateau Langeais, France, with female buste ends.</span></i></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="843" data-original-width="832" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkhcv1b3J_NUejbvc7Ibrr5bawcWPGUjuUGHdPknp4eAeePiiX9ahqc80eiQgn1uBENP51QlqqW5s8_9l0YF-FcJD7Bhtnyh5KcVLjCKEithb-QV5yhqqyj96sIa432wASqUia4zgFYAb38lXWHbk19LQJv1ctsubhegqyBHRt4PktGxiMEnur9JGtu0o/s320/stile%204.jpg" width="316" /></a></div>
<i><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Two figures at the end of the stile. Left is one of the ends of the Louvre dressoir above.</span></i></div></i>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="804" data-original-width="564" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXDUT0SJP_pqjbvJ24sJY4DsVgulKTIl6222g1zukPsyGGDVFHZaGso8f3YvbdmLL3DWGpgMTt2jT_JnKF4Gc0f3lbZw3zFmjW0huokxYoLAs0aDSocWAQag2VQWDpRapg4MDeg53R_3_2cj1JNbkuuUDG-WV8FlSO3nMoKaY6jaBzPbV7tYiDamlr-zM/s320/upside%20down%20pyramid%202.jpg" width="224" /></a>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1072" data-original-width="737" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik5yn9jc7hJci6ZrEweDNhYWVnMy0bnPyPQ-0Zj43lB-MYWN0zEAifO91vRBTt3NmTkp7WrJMiGxz5CBJl4PKi_5Q0FfLBROSb799mhtPFI1TGXljzOFz6lVci1S7fKMfYf9d6j2y4vrrv6YBj5QSkUj5AdbMoHHsm6F9V6G0dhzO7m67K_KhhJLoPtTQ/s320/upside%20down%20pyramid%203.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaarvNsnpLogNbArAEBzvVXCJlbbrv5Pm5VlU9okZ2jH-zuEwugVtGEMUJAAzB7tspGPD8JzdOvJy88rZ8tmu2Ia78WafBn6zqPffJXnc8R2rO8vtugFQ0-zliAf0ASOPda7wBBOPsFgtnmxLsV1SfRHO6q3N-NBESNiJsAek_ENPoEhjIA_M6AkHgxfw/s799/upside%20down%20pyramid%204.jpg">
<img border="0" data-original-height="799" data-original-width="630" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaarvNsnpLogNbArAEBzvVXCJlbbrv5Pm5VlU9okZ2jH-zuEwugVtGEMUJAAzB7tspGPD8JzdOvJy88rZ8tmu2Ia78WafBn6zqPffJXnc8R2rO8vtugFQ0-zliAf0ASOPda7wBBOPsFgtnmxLsV1SfRHO6q3N-NBESNiJsAek_ENPoEhjIA_M6AkHgxfw/s320/upside%20down%20pyramid%204.jpg" width="252" /></a>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl_YnQr1Dz2werT9H4V3f7IdtgCwGObsD1n44WTaBMP8dep1bf3H_OWAlcSVHbMPOI8SME2sVMaX68gaz7vg45olUe6SFTMbk3avR0J_SCIDK1vqsppuUGMchu5aUv24sqbW9AqRtr4tWauTB8N4gPKLmvGYT_kNnsPs4Iiiqs1sr2luOWkJThQ6GeqY4/s825/upside%20down%20pyramid.jpg">
<img border="0" data-original-height="825" data-original-width="613" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl_YnQr1Dz2werT9H4V3f7IdtgCwGObsD1n44WTaBMP8dep1bf3H_OWAlcSVHbMPOI8SME2sVMaX68gaz7vg45olUe6SFTMbk3avR0J_SCIDK1vqsppuUGMchu5aUv24sqbW9AqRtr4tWauTB8N4gPKLmvGYT_kNnsPs4Iiiqs1sr2luOWkJThQ6GeqY4/s320/upside%20down%20pyramid.jpg" width="238" /></a></div><div style="font-style: italic; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Four upended pyramidal forms from the book of J. Boccador.</span></i></div><div style="font-style: italic; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #990000; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000; text-align: justify;">Creating the upended pyramid</span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Carving an upended pyramid is easy when you have a square stile to start with. The castle Hernen tresoor, however, has an unequal pentacle, making the planning of the carving a bit more difficult. The pyramid was planned to have two parts, divided by a rim. I started by removing the unnecessary part of the stile by saw at the small pyramidal part (The area X at the schematic drawing). Then the slope of the larger pyramid was carved, taking care of the fact that the rim/ring was to be larger than the top of this part of the pyramid. A groove was made at the bottom of the pyramid and on both sides of the ring/rim. Then the smaller pyramid was similarly carved using a chisel.</p>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Schematic drawing of the decorated stile with an upended pyramid. Before carving the slopes, The area X was sawn out.</span></i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHf13cLK2dNx3SwTKDh-vGezqerQ6oFqt1-pXrDGqqgd2qkvPZIoGz2dd2Gah97-GXhpd4YZxHAKlRgIgYF02K_iyZ9BoVvIMVZ8J6uss-9KlDIyVP_YAQs9TuOHx3pyaMIGWXyIcVHk1NKROZoEwumU8t7J2qRcZR7us2_9VS-o1x4xROkAfldk6_l-8/s1772/marked%20cut%20out%20section.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1772" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHf13cLK2dNx3SwTKDh-vGezqerQ6oFqt1-pXrDGqqgd2qkvPZIoGz2dd2Gah97-GXhpd4YZxHAKlRgIgYF02K_iyZ9BoVvIMVZ8J6uss-9KlDIyVP_YAQs9TuOHx3pyaMIGWXyIcVHk1NKROZoEwumU8t7J2qRcZR7us2_9VS-o1x4xROkAfldk6_l-8/w400-h266/marked%20cut%20out%20section.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The area to be sawn off is marked with a marking gauge.</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhttyB0-a6ghb4cq_v-M62WXQ0Zcj_f1lz0cGRXfg7gLayhW93Avf0ulwcx2CkpfWxZB-R5C24kl8CY4NB_zPuHlxh2-V_x4BPxnYhbOPyAK2wXGny9LkF7APDJU6DObkvVm3pVW4eDhnd8-XDufEKmL5Lwp6htlhCV8nm71hha2LYcA_S0BNDpixcsz-c/s1772/carving%20section%201.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1772" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhttyB0-a6ghb4cq_v-M62WXQ0Zcj_f1lz0cGRXfg7gLayhW93Avf0ulwcx2CkpfWxZB-R5C24kl8CY4NB_zPuHlxh2-V_x4BPxnYhbOPyAK2wXGny9LkF7APDJU6DObkvVm3pVW4eDhnd8-XDufEKmL5Lwp6htlhCV8nm71hha2LYcA_S0BNDpixcsz-c/w400-h266/carving%20section%201.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Then the slope of the large pyramidal part was cut with a chisel.</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></i></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1772" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkzEMVy4tIo_BO-RcaOXNyCU2kkdUoCwHQqGnt96WXz1NnWwXbCHVQ0VMVmkedbqxa8m6UIWqFj99dxe0tbhX-2HFSG8iewVUf6VJ0SLK_shwn5cKdvTdb6j8JH9GXqEhlZ2dV_qdp1bbnTQYH6wASNOGPQUEtiPv-QzsxiJU_m0u2vuEzULTpcDGMpYU/w400-h266/carved%20section%201.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Grooves were carved at the bottom of the pyramid with chisel and a small gouge.</span></i></div><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Fitting of the stile when the first part of the pyramid was carved to check the look and feel. </span></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The finished carving of the stile ends on the tresoor.</span></i></div>
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</div><div><span style="text-align: justify;">Unfortunately, we miscalculated the length needed for the carving, and there was no oak left on the stile for the final tip. We then decided to glue this tip separately to the end of the stile.</span></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #990000;">Making the tip</span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In order to make the tip, first a round stick was needed. I used a square piece of oak and shaved it to an octangular piece, then to a 16 sided piece, and finally rounding it of with a shave. The tip was then roughly formed on a belt sander. Both sides of the stick were used, thereby providing the two necessary tips. The rough tips were smoothed by hand using sandpaper with incrasingly smaller grit-size.</p>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1772" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgvnFtZqkoq-3r1jlcN3CCUt0GEe7a71lLSP-8dD_KffZpf3DNgyhi2gTpEfj-xbeqNsn_d6LLKBjMVXdhOqBReTSEMoFYAlqwvLKGvWXebIy6B3M9yXZDZwlP6LAsJ-lL9xSJyMyVLoL7mElWk4Q8-if4GOfadFKLWwplNjiRLWfboGf6JhiepRgpKqw/w200-h133/rond%20schaven%20stok.jpg" /></a>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnFcABJdUnXc6NzsLxT66H5_8Zvkx2M0GqT-NvJuZ5anrrFrGS3hco8At2OfgoUa0R1GUG1GYchjh_bhYzdzLio2MpK4zgtki2eT9xJbl6bATwhOVTV0DmkbgolQt-qZw73zKUeIpqZqgc28uziN4TyJGb4LiJnLL3Av1UzMFchrsAa4JKA22LO_ifq-s/s1772/slijpen%20stok.jpg">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1772" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnFcABJdUnXc6NzsLxT66H5_8Zvkx2M0GqT-NvJuZ5anrrFrGS3hco8At2OfgoUa0R1GUG1GYchjh_bhYzdzLio2MpK4zgtki2eT9xJbl6bATwhOVTV0DmkbgolQt-qZw73zKUeIpqZqgc28uziN4TyJGb4LiJnLL3Av1UzMFchrsAa4JKA22LO_ifq-s/w200-h133/slijpen%20stok.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">(Left) Creating the round stick. (Right) Rounding the tip using a belt sander.</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></i></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1772" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBMVETNJs9tq2-KWp3x9yR1vXmZkP5EoHT31_AKxNb_-AXFXMvOQqXIZD7wHEQ89ashntPJaFZEpYbtJnQuzkFHwM1i8ZgT3qGjnjQNPPRnQWpVc2yoMk5JNhI3C2xBG7cCdqwPjIcCPknVQG7Xb8tVi0gWB_-HNmkz1gqLc6DEguBcA1EcBHpDRRVoJg/w200-h133/stok%20ruw.jpg" /></a>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzXSym0i_6W2poDFpMgDYf3TxXrUQvs-zgamsb-shG9vRMNraNvh_69wOc8C_gsr0jHTu6tcJA4Gt5pc9BNkGh1ilHlKeuhXj4be7CX1FdxqRpu3ewogZXnRpXPu2YxfRmzc4RVCJOuDn0ZmCXfr9yDArAUAQQL1wG0N1027veO2DzDy5lDoJQ408JecY/s1772/stok%20glad.jpg">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1772" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzXSym0i_6W2poDFpMgDYf3TxXrUQvs-zgamsb-shG9vRMNraNvh_69wOc8C_gsr0jHTu6tcJA4Gt5pc9BNkGh1ilHlKeuhXj4be7CX1FdxqRpu3ewogZXnRpXPu2YxfRmzc4RVCJOuDn0ZmCXfr9yDArAUAQQL1wG0N1027veO2DzDy5lDoJQ408JecY/w200-h133/stok%20glad.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">(Left) The rough tip by the belt sander and (Right) the smooth polished tip using different sandpaper grits.</span></i></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The tips were sawn off the stick, and then a 1 cm diametre hole was drilled in the middle of the tip using a Forstner bit. A corresponding hole was drilled in the middle of the stile. To connect both tip and stile a 1 cm rod was glued to the tip, and then to the stile. The 1 cm diametre oak rod was created using a dowel plate. Hide glue was used to secure the pieces.</p>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM4KXCQsZD9JYgSu4kcMqhyphenhyphenYW4HTwhd8m4W-lyVpNLGK-3RaH1macNjOPLCHcBw28DklfNJ1654gXunOKIMUp_kxxZUCNE7PBr9NlvHDhv1bytTIRJE1gBxC9ZLmajMih_53MM7gDMefxAyG-vmCjNQPH3jmwhCHHfsvHCZ0-TvoUYBQUQ0Bsjb8_0OuE/s1666/punten%20op%20stok.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1133" data-original-width="1666" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM4KXCQsZD9JYgSu4kcMqhyphenhyphenYW4HTwhd8m4W-lyVpNLGK-3RaH1macNjOPLCHcBw28DklfNJ1654gXunOKIMUp_kxxZUCNE7PBr9NlvHDhv1bytTIRJE1gBxC9ZLmajMih_53MM7gDMefxAyG-vmCjNQPH3jmwhCHHfsvHCZ0-TvoUYBQUQ0Bsjb8_0OuE/s320/punten%20op%20stok.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The rod glued to the tip.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheqAcqMunlMd3lpFl4tzsqiw9CDEoWIRfe8HZqNCFGqyrNSeSwSSXlztjKTitJXqzoy4NC6x4f6FBIJNT6RddOfz-qT0iPijgO2I-hqB_n_bYUxSB4BwOGp3IuKYvdyVpCc4kGf7tW6SzTQwzZplayL9acyR15ZZK4e0-SmKy56DZFBlbAu-sqRfNcS2o/s1099/punt%20lijmen%20gat%20boren.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="987" data-original-width="1099" height="287" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheqAcqMunlMd3lpFl4tzsqiw9CDEoWIRfe8HZqNCFGqyrNSeSwSSXlztjKTitJXqzoy4NC6x4f6FBIJNT6RddOfz-qT0iPijgO2I-hqB_n_bYUxSB4BwOGp3IuKYvdyVpCc4kGf7tW6SzTQwzZplayL9acyR15ZZK4e0-SmKy56DZFBlbAu-sqRfNcS2o/s320/punt%20lijmen%20gat%20boren.jpg" width="320" /></a>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The drilled hole in the stile. The square is used as guide for the drill.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1518" data-original-width="2318" height="419" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0mJnUmitFqEFHWT_hvbszG11VRX4t2SOzUEWhB37bTcJg43V6mTxsTnQmhY2DqiySM1LqQ1apL9uoZIv-jr_8X0gQpmBba_pXxH6o0X1NF6CRkFSvmUkYdkfXqhK9DawQz-WOZfbCmaLkEjKpSlI6J8JLccnQNJOBkBQcHx7RRdNSAACJg5l-wxvuzgo/w640-h419/gelijmd%20en%20in%20elkaar.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The finished stile ends.</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJp5HVPSDKc7igNaGJLaNc1-ZvwV_JCaZba4CAdvpaBkTFPEtCHhHCJJwGb8bO2tECiCmB5rKscdLEGdIJf1pQWC8K5OwZHPTEiJ4CZiHp9rZjw8GCejpQKwiRT6R6LQS2wwj8k8rB8Nfe-dqCpjmx17rrZo5geUPuXwdr_PtHGN7VI0lr9IxjRinxCfk/s1772/stiles%20with%20point.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1772" data-original-width="997" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJp5HVPSDKc7igNaGJLaNc1-ZvwV_JCaZba4CAdvpaBkTFPEtCHhHCJJwGb8bO2tECiCmB5rKscdLEGdIJf1pQWC8K5OwZHPTEiJ4CZiHp9rZjw8GCejpQKwiRT6R6LQS2wwj8k8rB8Nfe-dqCpjmx17rrZo5geUPuXwdr_PtHGN7VI0lr9IxjRinxCfk/w360-h640/stiles%20with%20point.jpg" width="360" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The dressoir with the finished stile ends.</span></i></div>
<p><span style="color: #990000;"><b>Sources</b>:</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt;">Agnès Bos, 2019. Mobilier du Moyen Âge et de la Renaissance - La collection du musée du Louvre. Musée du
Louvre, Paris, France. ISBN 978-2-35031-639-0. </span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10pt;">Jacqueline Boccador, 1988. Le mobilier francais du moyen age a la renaissance. Edition dÁrt Monelle Hayot, St-Just-en-Chaussee, France. ISBN 2-903824-13-4.</span></li></ul></div>Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-22841156225910340662023-12-08T15:50:00.000+01:002023-12-08T15:50:29.250+01:00Thomasguild at a podcast<p style="text-align: justify;"> At 7 July the Thomasguild woodworkers Bram and Marijn were guests at the <a href="https://prehistorischdorp.nl/">historic open air museum</a> in Eindhoven. The manager of the museum Yvonne Lammers conducted an experiment where she lived, cooked, ate and slept for two months in the medieval craftsman house. During that time she kept a diary which <a href="https://prehistorischdorp.nl/en/two-months-in-the-middle-ages-diary">can be read online</a>. Each week had a special theme, and experts were invited to discuss the topic of that week. The panel discussions were recorded and made into a podcast (in Dutch language).</p><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTzfJVKkegCW4e1ko4QoO1-kKZ4TwzTFILlBKcSqa5ok2b_TrGli-twDmB_sjNfVcqlpkJjnqCtc311ozEG6De9ZeI2CSCAsrDjEJlNAbiHosyISz3gsAd5pKVWswKPGi-Uc8W5TNNNsH9s2f4erC5W1QgpyubiterDy-brccrZnKv7PeF_07lI3ERt8M/s800/2mm_dd1-1-s800x600.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTzfJVKkegCW4e1ko4QoO1-kKZ4TwzTFILlBKcSqa5ok2b_TrGli-twDmB_sjNfVcqlpkJjnqCtc311ozEG6De9ZeI2CSCAsrDjEJlNAbiHosyISz3gsAd5pKVWswKPGi-Uc8W5TNNNsH9s2f4erC5W1QgpyubiterDy-brccrZnKv7PeF_07lI3ERt8M/w640-h480/2mm_dd1-1-s800x600.jpg" width="640" /></a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">The topic of 7 July was medieval woodworking, and experts from university (Roos van Oosten, professor of medieval history at Leiden University), archaeology (Ilse Lange - wood specialist at BIAX and Jeroen Flamman - Vestigia), a professional historic woodturner (Martijn van Gerwen), a professional historic carpenter (Leo Wolterbeek) and re-enactment (Bram and Marijn - making medieval furniture at the St. Thomasguild, and Vincent van Deventer - writer and general guild specialist). We discussed the use of paint, wax and linseed oil, tools for woodworking, turning vessels and the making of 'daubenschale' among others.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgviI5G3mtar9VSLNDcGeO8TC2XZ1j7VRDckvgDMFFwdKeE0Jh5mBTQMI38Ea55MAfQTu6rehzVCpKoSUx9mfgvgOWlenUluWJeIe3YXyjZR8hcxXqcLOsB1_I-d5NsHB642jkup15bANOBq3HpuetIgDEJROoiE7DZYhr7hdA3OAsvNtf526VU7MGl6xA/s800/2mm_dd1-4-s800x600.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgviI5G3mtar9VSLNDcGeO8TC2XZ1j7VRDckvgDMFFwdKeE0Jh5mBTQMI38Ea55MAfQTu6rehzVCpKoSUx9mfgvgOWlenUluWJeIe3YXyjZR8hcxXqcLOsB1_I-d5NsHB642jkup15bANOBq3HpuetIgDEJROoiE7DZYhr7hdA3OAsvNtf526VU7MGl6xA/w640-h480/2mm_dd1-4-s800x600.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p style="text-align: justify;">Some weeks ago I discovered the podcast of our topic on Spotify. For those that are interested and understand Dutch, this is the link: <a href="https://open.spotify.com/episode/663vzEuLxocN1NoFjOm4aC?si=rqtaURHSQI-Z_9aCgooSGQ">https://open.spotify.com/episode/663vzEuLxocN1NoFjOm4aC?si=rqtaURHSQI-Z_9aCgooSGQ</a></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJtN4Qb6tEwG3qiXmSjjzVO1yBf0r9apBgEwGH_ZsN9B0Fj4RWHlyOsXu5wg-wxl0XWtdcU9nnjr1PvlOQWnQ29ja7JMFFnTu9HJRB_0ArZCe30A1VKD4ki5RB5K0l_TE45ogoKkgyPmpvtrrJpJQukdbxf7ar0dvA7dAUwU6OW1-hQEoXxl2uKX4gdn4/s800/2mm_dd1-2-s800x600.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJtN4Qb6tEwG3qiXmSjjzVO1yBf0r9apBgEwGH_ZsN9B0Fj4RWHlyOsXu5wg-wxl0XWtdcU9nnjr1PvlOQWnQ29ja7JMFFnTu9HJRB_0ArZCe30A1VKD4ki5RB5K0l_TE45ogoKkgyPmpvtrrJpJQukdbxf7ar0dvA7dAUwU6OW1-hQEoXxl2uKX4gdn4/w640-h480/2mm_dd1-2-s800x600.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p></p>Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-32957765052976850762023-11-17T15:45:00.000+01:002023-11-17T15:45:06.462+01:00Some more madder business<p style="text-align: justify;">Both blogs on colouring bone and antler red with madder (<a href="https://thomasguild.blogspot.com/2020/12/meddling-with-madder-part-1.html">part 1</a> and <a href="https://thomasguild.blogspot.com/2021/02/meddling-with-madder-part-2.html">part 2</a>) had attracted the attention of the Dutch historical bone and antler craftsmen of <a href="https://www.bikkelenbeen.com/">Bikkel and Been</a>. Monica, one of the members of the company had been working on a replica of the Gloucester medieval backgammon set - the board as well as the game counters, as it was found complete - for the <a href="https://www.aisling-1198.org/">French re-enactment group Aisling 1198</a> (the same group that received my alquerque game set). The board dates from the 11th or early 12th century and is made up of 150 bone pieces with carvings in an art style associated with vikings (Borre, Ringerike and Urnes artistic styles). The boardgame was found in a rubbish pit at the site of the Norman castle. There is no evidence to indicate that the board was hinged. Corrosion from iron pins indicates that the bone inlay was fastened to a wooden base, about 600 by 450 mm in size. </p><p style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLRxcJ8UUg21i5J544UPXzyaniM3wrx_7tI8aUU3bvp9ijja9L_BNErIbCpRTSqRhbGGXY7sPJ-8g8l75LW33oFe7wKzT_S6x6zrtNjF6F5jZ7gBuybnA2swZzL6-d6UxMPiUfEHzTPMwWA20YS4edCJY1rvWN0uyMNNxy-UybUS8Pqz-plG6jUivMXm4/s3813/IMG_0002.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3036" data-original-width="3813" height="510" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLRxcJ8UUg21i5J544UPXzyaniM3wrx_7tI8aUU3bvp9ijja9L_BNErIbCpRTSqRhbGGXY7sPJ-8g8l75LW33oFe7wKzT_S6x6zrtNjF6F5jZ7gBuybnA2swZzL6-d6UxMPiUfEHzTPMwWA20YS4edCJY1rvWN0uyMNNxy-UybUS8Pqz-plG6jUivMXm4/w640-h510/IMG_0002.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></i></div><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Linedrawing of the Glouchester trictrac board design. Scan from the book Schach und Trictrac by Antje Kluge-Pinsker.</span></i><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;">The points are obelisk shaped. Roman boards had square points, whereas triangular points appeared in the 13th century. The board includes spaces between points, and rectangular plates laid lengthways down the centre of the board. The latter are covered in an interlaced snake design. </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAFqo1qauhyphenhyphenVL3M54HfE64c_ezUpZuxoFl5Y975WCm-roBLXZuSmJW6WIwOdnxx35GLbgPeJ1OHsd3cl35mhS4lqOlFwNvtDSeHlHNBAYafZsUuHoSjzavGodi_cSBDiDzsFGch5iiBLgHy63yYdnjiccAfBVwD9IZi6-Jjsb3e1phfXIDS6_XbFsE6M8/s5472/Full_board_view,_Gloucester_Tabula_Set,_June_2019.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3648" data-original-width="5472" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAFqo1qauhyphenhyphenVL3M54HfE64c_ezUpZuxoFl5Y975WCm-roBLXZuSmJW6WIwOdnxx35GLbgPeJ1OHsd3cl35mhS4lqOlFwNvtDSeHlHNBAYafZsUuHoSjzavGodi_cSBDiDzsFGch5iiBLgHy63yYdnjiccAfBVwD9IZi6-Jjsb3e1phfXIDS6_XbFsE6M8/w640-h426/Full_board_view,_Gloucester_Tabula_Set,_June_2019.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The original Glouchester board. Photo by Celuici - CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=79572888</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu9MZ66Jv69BnJoZDKj5z6eDhGmSv5jaKNWGgao5VJYWaQLpRfBkTYQw1Z4ekpt_bO9fUvEnRDXTaJbQny5OZQFxKoDtHaNzmQS3CWcuWJqRl2qOSoiwasmI06HWeqQtVAJEUcOXGbpA1Zn_4NCWHdaLZm3SIwaK-rqxZNgZYY1uoNP6rfw-Wl7HnEGVI/s510/130_236_foto1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="382" data-original-width="510" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu9MZ66Jv69BnJoZDKj5z6eDhGmSv5jaKNWGgao5VJYWaQLpRfBkTYQw1Z4ekpt_bO9fUvEnRDXTaJbQny5OZQFxKoDtHaNzmQS3CWcuWJqRl2qOSoiwasmI06HWeqQtVAJEUcOXGbpA1Zn_4NCWHdaLZm3SIwaK-rqxZNgZYY1uoNP6rfw-Wl7HnEGVI/w640-h480/130_236_foto1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The board made by Bikkel and Been for Aisling 1198.</span></i></div></span></i></div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;">The playing pieces - a full set of 30 - are in the Romanesque style of the Normans. The pieces average 44.5 mm in diameter and are 7.5 mm thick. It is possible that a lathe was used in the manufacture. A central dimple is present on 26 of the 30 pieces. Fifteen pieces are made from red deer skull bone and the other 15 from red deer antler (but this is not easily distinquisable for a player). There is no evidence that the pieces were stained to create two distinctly coloured sets. There is also no unifying theme in the symbolism, making it difficult to group the counters into two sets. Different scholars therfore propose differnt groupings. I must confess that I do not know which grouping has been made for the Aisling replica counters.</p><p><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoX__Oy-S7eCFCYYv06cWvk1qn_L_wuTIBVXRxblVeMT8xzYNU4w18VyazAiFsVE4-pC9Qlf2BNo_FxfwvVcyVTjmKJ-Qjtvf5ZUCuCeBFTJc_88VJmxQGfTBuLbeDS6v8VlQvW0APYCY0J8vrkrj780oX4UIW90hpSzPeWheQpUo2I4MUfrtou2sSx1g/s7874/All%20counters.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3492" data-original-width="7874" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoX__Oy-S7eCFCYYv06cWvk1qn_L_wuTIBVXRxblVeMT8xzYNU4w18VyazAiFsVE4-pC9Qlf2BNo_FxfwvVcyVTjmKJ-Qjtvf5ZUCuCeBFTJc_88VJmxQGfTBuLbeDS6v8VlQvW0APYCY0J8vrkrj780oX4UIW90hpSzPeWheQpUo2I4MUfrtou2sSx1g/w640-h284/All%20counters.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The 30 original game counters. Compilation of the ph</i></span><i style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">otos by Celuici - CC BY-SA 3.0.</span></i></p><p style="text-align: justify;">The game counters were carved in bone as well as antler and contain scenes from Greek mythology as well as other topics. Each game piece has a different design. For ease of playability with the replica counters it was decided that one set had to be coloured red with madder. Medieval trictrac counters coloured with madder are not uncommon, and can be found in many museum collections (for instance in the Museum für angewandte Kunst in Köln, Germany). They asked if I could help with the colouring process.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjnORcPi_yQSPLgTPudDa9bXtV1e-RaEHSkBRgTqS6iCgdm1vb_Wrc4ojINBMmoQXUTzR0nfPW42M2UtuMrL3QJPRPLRYNljVCH3qC8A1452uZAXguDgu5n5tFXdnTWRjqElTPI4c80oqSQI2tMsXutluDY0Zo46RtjmRrFwoOCHWiEPwNn5791EL7POA/s2953/all%20counters%20to%20be%20coloured.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1982" data-original-width="2953" height="430" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjnORcPi_yQSPLgTPudDa9bXtV1e-RaEHSkBRgTqS6iCgdm1vb_Wrc4ojINBMmoQXUTzR0nfPW42M2UtuMrL3QJPRPLRYNljVCH3qC8A1452uZAXguDgu5n5tFXdnTWRjqElTPI4c80oqSQI2tMsXutluDY0Zo46RtjmRrFwoOCHWiEPwNn5791EL7POA/w640-h430/all%20counters%20to%20be%20coloured.jpg" width="640" /></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">There were some additional spare counters made, so the total to be coloured was actually 18 pieces.</span></i></p><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip13ITJYUQ3lCIIVyAEOVulXWNuXno3-p_OQp2cOUIiw4PaZBQzyClSEvdJbx2HWZR9SWTUZI4iWFxuVk2je2zV2eCXF2Ay2FdRXJEVkdcqSp40mudThTs3krCtmxjW6LCyz2VOcDXlem14SsLqRIysXRK4qWtsz2ssQyjKhJLxyKKasldnE5KVMBhYRk/s2953/close%20up%202.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1963" data-original-width="2953" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip13ITJYUQ3lCIIVyAEOVulXWNuXno3-p_OQp2cOUIiw4PaZBQzyClSEvdJbx2HWZR9SWTUZI4iWFxuVk2je2zV2eCXF2Ay2FdRXJEVkdcqSp40mudThTs3krCtmxjW6LCyz2VOcDXlem14SsLqRIysXRK4qWtsz2ssQyjKhJLxyKKasldnE5KVMBhYRk/w279-h186/close%20up%202.jpg" width="279" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA1FpU4JhjErvlvoEwAso3fQy9CfCo52pQ37kBw1hw-ff0VwEmRkkX6zSc0qQ4h3QhE_J6UIqmJazXYxI5Eggfy3SJTjS14QzQ8ILI2P7W5gawX-3aVXdRWQ-A7JlxpWe8ADCKjZr3k9U2BrM5nvBduNQ6k5NdJ7XwNufhWAKjZw-l5Ol3Rq7kxqk1q6Q/s2953/close%20up%201.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1963" data-original-width="2953" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA1FpU4JhjErvlvoEwAso3fQy9CfCo52pQ37kBw1hw-ff0VwEmRkkX6zSc0qQ4h3QhE_J6UIqmJazXYxI5Eggfy3SJTjS14QzQ8ILI2P7W5gawX-3aVXdRWQ-A7JlxpWe8ADCKjZr3k9U2BrM5nvBduNQ6k5NdJ7XwNufhWAKjZw-l5Ol3Rq7kxqk1q6Q/w279-h186/close%20up%201.jpg" width="279" /></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Some details of the counters.</span></i></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Colouring of (half of) the Gloucester counters was done last year November at our house with Sylvestre of the Aisling group present (and doing most of the work). <span style="text-align: left;">The process was the same as done for the alquerque pieces.</span><span style="text-align: left;"> </span>The weight of the 18 pieces (there were 3 spare ones added to the 15) was around 320 gram. The counters were presoaked in water for one hour. During that time the madder solution was made with 14 grams of madder extract and 4 grams of sodium in 400 ml water at 60 degrees Celsius, also for one hour.</p><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixXpDbuDGKmtvzhwdrGLWOVL9pf-yZ0pOzPzZ6SROAgG5oG7IgDfTQ1aezwXghUSH9uXQ1dnshwMUu8dhWwsiQ4jmn6G-r0au1zsGjxZ8hZRc5Orl5VXNRRy6CCqmoa8cbX85Pz38gcOWEqb8_bP18n1xax2upbpAZ-0xvSyxCC747Nr-E_YWMcBjom9Q/s1600/IMG-20221104-WA0000.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixXpDbuDGKmtvzhwdrGLWOVL9pf-yZ0pOzPzZ6SROAgG5oG7IgDfTQ1aezwXghUSH9uXQ1dnshwMUu8dhWwsiQ4jmn6G-r0au1zsGjxZ8hZRc5Orl5VXNRRy6CCqmoa8cbX85Pz38gcOWEqb8_bP18n1xax2upbpAZ-0xvSyxCC747Nr-E_YWMcBjom9Q/s320/IMG-20221104-WA0000.jpg" width="144" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtZCIfXwK0QPIpUK-CbFvF0SzWxQkNd2jlbFtgseE-tFF9-2R93f2F5FMmpqMQH3xCGKnw73jXs2O9GRlbcHY7RzDvyY6Qw6Kq2MkqC0EpSmD0Krk6Jm9GN7gcDvj1VYjD_AwYcl-o9e25rplpi_pRLOFbq1QvGl2oqqtPYTXGmQK83zDMZXMoipZAcA4/s2953/thickness.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1963" data-original-width="2953" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtZCIfXwK0QPIpUK-CbFvF0SzWxQkNd2jlbFtgseE-tFF9-2R93f2F5FMmpqMQH3xCGKnw73jXs2O9GRlbcHY7RzDvyY6Qw6Kq2MkqC0EpSmD0Krk6Jm9GN7gcDvj1VYjD_AwYcl-o9e25rplpi_pRLOFbq1QvGl2oqqtPYTXGmQK83zDMZXMoipZAcA4/s320/thickness.jpg" width="320" /></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Soaking the counters in water.</span></i></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: justify;">After that the counters were kept for 2 hours at 60 degrees Celsius in the madder solution. We used 2 jars for the counters so they would touch each other as little as possible, thereby avoiding problems with colouring. After the 2 hours, the counters cooled down overnight in the madder solution. </span>The still wet pieces were then taken home, where walnut oil was applied when the pieces were dry. The walnut oil then needed to dry as well for some weeks. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3mRtpVxTavMLdzq4US0z_kQLLOwzDT5IGZwsSU14VCbNSOV9c03gPgWVEHl8fZG61kFQm0PUHBE-8jfFyK3psGvDKyReumJignhHmHTaYXLZ-FucV92CyXqrWLZo8wYWGECMeeqdD9QwTEHH0stN9V-TYBRCZ1kpC58X01WkBX2JyWcEGFRnqFbA8wlU/s2953/adding%20to%20the%20pot.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2953" data-original-width="1963" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3mRtpVxTavMLdzq4US0z_kQLLOwzDT5IGZwsSU14VCbNSOV9c03gPgWVEHl8fZG61kFQm0PUHBE-8jfFyK3psGvDKyReumJignhHmHTaYXLZ-FucV92CyXqrWLZo8wYWGECMeeqdD9QwTEHH0stN9V-TYBRCZ1kpC58X01WkBX2JyWcEGFRnqFbA8wlU/s320/adding%20to%20the%20pot.jpg" width="213" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmgMU1QTyK0OVCysWlF6YuhRGzk_4UR-QzmRzTBt8RsutiEXy3efpj8CN7xXuqi3_MKhj3Dcr7l0H2jFhSB3S087Rbpyzrc0YLKahhu955kuNXk-4iuyjEmH0i7Ks7txLY_gZoEKMjNtdFEGS5w_702iqg8jk5EPlY-ASdDdaLEgqSFj96yfoT_SR-RUk/s2953/adding%20to%20the%20pot%202.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2953" data-original-width="2048" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmgMU1QTyK0OVCysWlF6YuhRGzk_4UR-QzmRzTBt8RsutiEXy3efpj8CN7xXuqi3_MKhj3Dcr7l0H2jFhSB3S087Rbpyzrc0YLKahhu955kuNXk-4iuyjEmH0i7Ks7txLY_gZoEKMjNtdFEGS5w_702iqg8jk5EPlY-ASdDdaLEgqSFj96yfoT_SR-RUk/s320/adding%20to%20the%20pot%202.jpg" width="222" /></a></div></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo8WZvqek9_lFTYGd2CtgVblPwxJAjbezJA1imhZY637DJfLE-gvSxI9DFzLgrKnqQPjQpgI3ggw4b_nFAq-tPQNkEegFO8oE2WuCkXkpFa9YplcmVewp_nlfMeFA4W2t50yp7YFxsJKfQDrWrFlDymD048-wEaKFecv3MJMIsu4NAmCwIhY5YGRbeXjU/s1599/IMG-20221104-WA0003.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="738" data-original-width="1599" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo8WZvqek9_lFTYGd2CtgVblPwxJAjbezJA1imhZY637DJfLE-gvSxI9DFzLgrKnqQPjQpgI3ggw4b_nFAq-tPQNkEegFO8oE2WuCkXkpFa9YplcmVewp_nlfMeFA4W2t50yp7YFxsJKfQDrWrFlDymD048-wEaKFecv3MJMIsu4NAmCwIhY5YGRbeXjU/w400-h185/IMG-20221104-WA0003.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMY-7ZwIYZduymqarj444XUp3KL6H_oGhS9ug6PhBm-t7PSuG7DxkmaoAtG98rL4GrUX24vGXIdcTaT9sGMcDRtGHJh_EN2CoNhVJKzHNQRUQA7KaF3zHC4d0PQTFHSrMZOhYgl4aI_Cz14YWIqqwq2eTwgOyDDUZgbzeiSBHeWXgDxpQJmWKwFPaKODM/s1599/IMG-20221104-WA0006.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="738" data-original-width="1599" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMY-7ZwIYZduymqarj444XUp3KL6H_oGhS9ug6PhBm-t7PSuG7DxkmaoAtG98rL4GrUX24vGXIdcTaT9sGMcDRtGHJh_EN2CoNhVJKzHNQRUQA7KaF3zHC4d0PQTFHSrMZOhYgl4aI_Cz14YWIqqwq2eTwgOyDDUZgbzeiSBHeWXgDxpQJmWKwFPaKODM/w400-h185/IMG-20221104-WA0006.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Dividing the counters over two glass jars, so that the counters did not touch each other .</span></i></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJNBS0-IeXmOoDrc2ZpcT-0dY6nwfY0ztuwUOPuTQQLg8VYNkgKZ7axLgOLq3uiVUtHZ47kkkwDE12AFDj7JgKg57Jfr86J5E8-F2QHogrX0Zz7cS0CQtDVJeMCtGgW33gzkwerLlHyWBwZq696Miz51OeeJIJVcnouFhumHGvK4S3Txa6GcyJ2qrAadc/s1599/IMG-20221104-WA0004.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="738" data-original-width="1599" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJNBS0-IeXmOoDrc2ZpcT-0dY6nwfY0ztuwUOPuTQQLg8VYNkgKZ7axLgOLq3uiVUtHZ47kkkwDE12AFDj7JgKg57Jfr86J5E8-F2QHogrX0Zz7cS0CQtDVJeMCtGgW33gzkwerLlHyWBwZq696Miz51OeeJIJVcnouFhumHGvK4S3Txa6GcyJ2qrAadc/w400-h185/IMG-20221104-WA0004.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Dividing the madder solution equally among the jars.</span></i></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8LcmX3J0xLWbSUQzw4Av68qGjpZ8eTLuPXWZHkXMNYfoOPaSY0xJxymIojhW7kf0UrmTGUtzRBxlnpdYuV5ie6sf1X9GE9oQN900z-wANFWbtJ1hHv8Wf-ESA9HLb7SVyIm0d0tQEF1gxVN90YO5y9XAREZBy9Xw6ikEl6a2yMClC_TFhmvCX_mgucek/s1599/IMG-20221104-WA0005.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="738" data-original-width="1599" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8LcmX3J0xLWbSUQzw4Av68qGjpZ8eTLuPXWZHkXMNYfoOPaSY0xJxymIojhW7kf0UrmTGUtzRBxlnpdYuV5ie6sf1X9GE9oQN900z-wANFWbtJ1hHv8Wf-ESA9HLb7SVyIm0d0tQEF1gxVN90YO5y9XAREZBy9Xw6ikEl6a2yMClC_TFhmvCX_mgucek/w400-h185/IMG-20221104-WA0005.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The counters just after they were dropped in the jar with madder.</span></i></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-rrpkfbki4yvxnC44a3iacSu4EyirCovpYLaqp0Zw8WnVHLKNcUK4GS7dDwZ3fgr9hTioJo9cYHrN2ZPxEpldB6sjXyObPHaO3eLpN_-GaQpuN37YM1u4ZxuDPiebZLNITmUkp0Fv8zkqsYdCqfR3USb62L9w6r0gXof0wSvRPgYk8GFCAC-TcwE7qDI/s1600/IMG-20221104-WA0007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1600" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-rrpkfbki4yvxnC44a3iacSu4EyirCovpYLaqp0Zw8WnVHLKNcUK4GS7dDwZ3fgr9hTioJo9cYHrN2ZPxEpldB6sjXyObPHaO3eLpN_-GaQpuN37YM1u4ZxuDPiebZLNITmUkp0Fv8zkqsYdCqfR3USb62L9w6r0gXof0wSvRPgYk8GFCAC-TcwE7qDI/w400-h180/IMG-20221104-WA0007.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">A few counters directly after the one hour madder bath at 60 degrees. Some parts were still a bit lightly red coloured.</span></i></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEt7EVFAPAZxharLikvfC6273BTxQgXz6PwG_9pB8Bzq3NJDLEQZuqKA2lzAG8NH1DZBHdoaKCfS0c7u8u8VVWvMDl3DemRMUNPAO8sSdY_CltFb_v_SQQAA3lw8bcH8dx-oTmSUDKbNFcFP9P5Vus1M1-F2yNaGNc86E9sHVX9zxbFIAdpKkrWW5lCQE/s2953/wet%20counters.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2060" data-original-width="2953" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEt7EVFAPAZxharLikvfC6273BTxQgXz6PwG_9pB8Bzq3NJDLEQZuqKA2lzAG8NH1DZBHdoaKCfS0c7u8u8VVWvMDl3DemRMUNPAO8sSdY_CltFb_v_SQQAA3lw8bcH8dx-oTmSUDKbNFcFP9P5Vus1M1-F2yNaGNc86E9sHVX9zxbFIAdpKkrWW5lCQE/w400-h279/wet%20counters.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The wet counters after a one night cool down in the madder solution.</span></i></span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqRkerMYpwXMtzsd4snblIhkPo38px3f124vG0GUNhFIxFyyULoBYGF84o-MRMUd-hFvm9QHnEzIlgcwoj_3Z1l6Tg-Jo4_lRMDBas_Tb7FtTRnAyHjNlvDFXSPiepwDLV4m9YwtWwnj-TcNWmM4s3GYF1XYsWAPuMa6PkSNckmt5-ScmfvCH5-jH3IJM/s2953/coloured%20counters.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1836" data-original-width="2953" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqRkerMYpwXMtzsd4snblIhkPo38px3f124vG0GUNhFIxFyyULoBYGF84o-MRMUd-hFvm9QHnEzIlgcwoj_3Z1l6Tg-Jo4_lRMDBas_Tb7FtTRnAyHjNlvDFXSPiepwDLV4m9YwtWwnj-TcNWmM4s3GYF1XYsWAPuMa6PkSNckmt5-ScmfvCH5-jH3IJM/w640-h398/coloured%20counters.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The pieces when dried a bit with a kitchen tissue. I also coloured two small dices.</span></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuf6B7SitZwMSvwtadneyIACrk7GYqxDuB0ALxLuUMkxbQpy6VUOkppHqNfqi-l2GcgTgIO_t1Pa_k6ox3SiChLBgGsJxW5n0OwinulzrNvFO-oCcyO_TGH6H_QGbEBqqj413J8uhtNn4rlhE6yW3UP33qD1UKzIEmMjQA8X2gnNYGSZBZuZKppfqZags/s1600/IMG-20230117-WA0001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1600" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuf6B7SitZwMSvwtadneyIACrk7GYqxDuB0ALxLuUMkxbQpy6VUOkppHqNfqi-l2GcgTgIO_t1Pa_k6ox3SiChLBgGsJxW5n0OwinulzrNvFO-oCcyO_TGH6H_QGbEBqqj413J8uhtNn4rlhE6yW3UP33qD1UKzIEmMjQA8X2gnNYGSZBZuZKppfqZags/w640-h288/IMG-20230117-WA0001.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">All the 30 counters on the Glouchester board.</span></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ6ets0i1SaumIJtznGQIuh15cmE94jBzsO9fOsFx4VQnOKDOMkdIkes1tZ0ISneIrB2rerD7Ws_r71kymVSM3_cbXLel1eFiKv_0o2k9gTGRHlFxsu3UPyojeG5ijjufOoiTsa3lLPVEZmUfgwC-LuGL5NQ1MDkySWVwpdAn4aGyR6H5Tmlh0f4VlUEQ/s1600/IMG-20230117-WA0000.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1600" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ6ets0i1SaumIJtznGQIuh15cmE94jBzsO9fOsFx4VQnOKDOMkdIkes1tZ0ISneIrB2rerD7Ws_r71kymVSM3_cbXLel1eFiKv_0o2k9gTGRHlFxsu3UPyojeG5ijjufOoiTsa3lLPVEZmUfgwC-LuGL5NQ1MDkySWVwpdAn4aGyR6H5Tmlh0f4VlUEQ/w640-h288/IMG-20230117-WA0000.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The game counters in use on the Aisling 1198 Glouchester tablas board. Here the board is set-up for 'a game of 'Todas Tablas' (for rules, see the Libre de los Juegos created by king Alphonso X the wise in 1283).</span></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></i></div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: #660000;">Sources:</span></b></h4><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Grandet, M. and Goret, J.F., 2012. Echec et TricTrac - fabrication et usages des jeux de tables au moyes âge', Editions Errance, Paris, France. ISBN 978-2-87772-503-3.</li><li>Kluge-Pinsker, A., 1991. Schach und Trictrac. Zeugnisse mittelalterlicher Spielfreude in Salischer Zeit. Jan Thorbecke verlag, Sigmaringen, Germany. ISBN 3-7995-4138-1</li><li>Wikipedia: The Glouchester tabula set. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloucester_tabula_set">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloucester_tabula_set</a></li></ul><p></p>Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-77163130680834490732023-11-15T23:05:00.001+01:002023-11-16T17:39:21.646+01:00A painting of the woodworkersshop of (Saint) Joseph<p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpkONluBAg0H3_mfSR-NQzWdVSWZLhk_tP42TijuuWwd45QsIAkw_nckXeQUNIDGaHqrCxOjvmxTr-8e7I09POSnmBzJKkfc5FekhAkfx90TLoSdXuxtHad7bsWyCMp2SlpYEX6SGWep2FYYL_OUN_4OBFAjDToDf19LwQeBKW25FMyoIcSmIhnOKs/s3060/Strasbourg_(Bas-Rhin)_-_Mus%C3%A9e_de_l'%C5%92uvre_Notre-Dame_-_%20Le_Doute_de_Joseph%20_(Ma%C3%AEtre_du_Jardin_de_Paradis_et_son_atelier,_d%C3%A9but_XVe)_-_52441337890.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3054" data-original-width="3060" height="639" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpkONluBAg0H3_mfSR-NQzWdVSWZLhk_tP42TijuuWwd45QsIAkw_nckXeQUNIDGaHqrCxOjvmxTr-8e7I09POSnmBzJKkfc5FekhAkfx90TLoSdXuxtHad7bsWyCMp2SlpYEX6SGWep2FYYL_OUN_4OBFAjDToDf19LwQeBKW25FMyoIcSmIhnOKs/w640-h639/Strasbourg_(Bas-Rhin)_-_Mus%C3%A9e_de_l'%C5%92uvre_Notre-Dame_-_%20Le_Doute_de_Joseph%20_(Ma%C3%AEtre_du_Jardin_de_Paradis_et_son_atelier,_d%C3%A9but_XVe)_-_52441337890.jpg" width="640" /></a></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The doubt of Joseph by the Master of du Jardin de Paradis, early 15th century. Musee de l'Oevre Notre Dame, Strassbourg, France. </span></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">I have been able to view this painting myself last summer in the museum, which also holds quite some medieval chests and chairs. The painting is impressive as there are many interesting things to see with regards to woodworking. For instance the workbench is the first medieval one that I know of, that actually has a specific shelf for holding tools beneath the benchtop.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6c43MJ9iP90r5-FbNywp-gtYkG4Me7Ua2C2-MbbLTHgqebRRSdFPINDZrhmnQm8_6XrSzGQTIYW96QSEpkEu7XhlJdND6CH9bIPY68Vea64C7II48GKbDXZF1eLSA7WiB8-hNlftXZiyiIuo0mLdRinYrGH99zQAwGWHQKY7YSFbRg-99J-tInNJ9glA/s388/shelf%20%20tools.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="324" data-original-width="388" height="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6c43MJ9iP90r5-FbNywp-gtYkG4Me7Ua2C2-MbbLTHgqebRRSdFPINDZrhmnQm8_6XrSzGQTIYW96QSEpkEu7XhlJdND6CH9bIPY68Vea64C7II48GKbDXZF1eLSA7WiB8-hNlftXZiyiIuo0mLdRinYrGH99zQAwGWHQKY7YSFbRg-99J-tInNJ9glA/w400-h334/shelf%20%20tools.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Also the tools displayed on the shelf and the benchtop are worth a closer look. On the shelf lies a special chisel, a so-called dog leg chisel. These chisels are used for finsihing rectangular depressions and undercuts, but I have never encountered a medieval one before. The two other tools are a typical medieval push saw - although usually this saw is encountered in larger versions - and a <span style="text-align: justify;">typical medieval hammer.</span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMCYLdvrMsL0irA2esWX9u7IJZtMHVbH68ugeuayp6DWJH-8Ans-3ChMiIAXCaR_1vEkXhfAxd6M71QVjeq03r3fl5DJVG94-JTuwxPNIVfiId5SKrPlg4hyphenhyphenCXrl1PD1q7QiEiGE4C2HD58FnNyLPtXqj1A02HoCHI9fB8MD7meCgr7GMUX3s3SDmexZk/s640/workbench%20tools.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="528" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMCYLdvrMsL0irA2esWX9u7IJZtMHVbH68ugeuayp6DWJH-8Ans-3ChMiIAXCaR_1vEkXhfAxd6M71QVjeq03r3fl5DJVG94-JTuwxPNIVfiId5SKrPlg4hyphenhyphenCXrl1PD1q7QiEiGE4C2HD58FnNyLPtXqj1A02HoCHI9fB8MD7meCgr7GMUX3s3SDmexZk/w330-h400/workbench%20tools.jpg" width="330" /></a></div><span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">The woodworking tools on the top of the bench are also interesting. A medium-sized block plane (looking similar to the French one found in Lake Paladru, containing a small blade. Next is something that is either a (large) knife or a mortise chisel. Considering the special chisels shown on the painting, I think a mortise chisel is more likely. The other chisel shown looks like a short firmer chisel. Usually, medieval chisels flare out, like a fish tail, however this one has a short straight broad cutting part - a bit remiscent of a Japanese chisel. The last tool on the table is a gimlet.</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYuSgErluwxAUrHsHMo9uzBsZN5rYIatYy6kIhS9hQpoIKJtvB5mItqJjgrJGYE7fH-Zj4lJphGn0GU8tlFYYvBXOMLfEXUkBJsLO0GffBgTBknOkrsM5FYU5Vjs1yiXgunieNbsBNKixroUIDrbIqEjutks9u5bN1RYDtgOI0rzebYINsk6PcOuF1p6k/s797/maria%20stuff.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="797" data-original-width="498" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYuSgErluwxAUrHsHMo9uzBsZN5rYIatYy6kIhS9hQpoIKJtvB5mItqJjgrJGYE7fH-Zj4lJphGn0GU8tlFYYvBXOMLfEXUkBJsLO0GffBgTBknOkrsM5FYU5Vjs1yiXgunieNbsBNKixroUIDrbIqEjutks9u5bN1RYDtgOI0rzebYINsk6PcOuF1p6k/w250-h400/maria%20stuff.jpg" width="250" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div>The table next to Maria shows some thin wooden boxes and a band comb used in band weaving. <br /><span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><br /><p></p>Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-55520978762167117612023-10-22T16:07:00.001+02:002023-10-22T16:07:24.246+02:00A visit to Museum Mayer van den Berg, Antwerp<p>This autumn, I visited the <a href="https://museummayervandenbergh.be/en/startpagina">Museum Mayer van den Berg</a> in Antwerp, Belgium. It is a small museum that houses the private art collection of Fritz Mayer van den Berg (1858-1901). The collection consists of mainly of medieval art, among them several paintings by Brueghel, but also some furniture pieces. Fritz Mayer van den Berg. The museum looks like a late medieval building from the outside, but is in fact a newly made neogothic construction, but quite fitting for the collection. The emphasis of the museum is on medieval paintings, but as said also some furniture can be found, alas with very scanty information.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXR00dFwAwKp8qFCyWEWOSqKgr4xPk3bA82MgG1ncD6Rm6KJ9tm_91qRbiKKuJ2SrVXN6Qs-FDgQiIG6hgoaoVPdXnyBkgBrAHuDY3n-4vXGwQwa4O5Jg4Jh9u_Lj6n0HtgFVBVxG3b1fuBebf17-N_Ivm6S9WnmlGXx9HkQCeJlvrz7wQj6nxr0sAv4s/s2362/Mayer%20bench%201.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1329" data-original-width="2362" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXR00dFwAwKp8qFCyWEWOSqKgr4xPk3bA82MgG1ncD6Rm6KJ9tm_91qRbiKKuJ2SrVXN6Qs-FDgQiIG6hgoaoVPdXnyBkgBrAHuDY3n-4vXGwQwa4O5Jg4Jh9u_Lj6n0HtgFVBVxG3b1fuBebf17-N_Ivm6S9WnmlGXx9HkQCeJlvrz7wQj6nxr0sAv4s/w640-h360/Mayer%20bench%201.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><i><div style="text-align: center;"><i>A 15th century bench with a high back and a chest beneath the seating.</i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><br /></i></div></i><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR14AXEAtkwgdOQEPjmNyZ-EF26I6rq8FBl0pWeJEzaR-xzds2w2XtpZyY3RdQzFvpJ6PaRyvNShsl8v2uaCdeRGkgiFg0Wpj3pTC5dBmJF6SSazwC8KQFDIvtllySqh0VXXDv284Gqpu34s-MhVOttVCVBByqWBfgHWayEnq22KwbXX-CvJRxZ59Ss88/s2362/Mayer%20bench%202.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1329" data-original-width="2362" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR14AXEAtkwgdOQEPjmNyZ-EF26I6rq8FBl0pWeJEzaR-xzds2w2XtpZyY3RdQzFvpJ6PaRyvNShsl8v2uaCdeRGkgiFg0Wpj3pTC5dBmJF6SSazwC8KQFDIvtllySqh0VXXDv284Gqpu34s-MhVOttVCVBByqWBfgHWayEnq22KwbXX-CvJRxZ59Ss88/s320/Mayer%20bench%202.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><i><div style="text-align: center;"><i>The lid of the seating chest.</i></div></i><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSZe160ly6cLGpptPdmTWbDzzUtWVm3aLiCIrUiXRcniKyFOMAkvge1loYEP_EhFwqwB8eIGBcMXaRFYPhZBSQADOO76e6xJn2ZrbCBsUlx9g0WvKyi8CC3aWzhxrxRc8yDtfotqEBtPbc_N0XuyqOwgbKFtTowS0RXLuLAvtedNf1-5pTZp2EhTnQ36M/s4032/Mayer%20bench%203.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2268" data-original-width="4032" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSZe160ly6cLGpptPdmTWbDzzUtWVm3aLiCIrUiXRcniKyFOMAkvge1loYEP_EhFwqwB8eIGBcMXaRFYPhZBSQADOO76e6xJn2ZrbCBsUlx9g0WvKyi8CC3aWzhxrxRc8yDtfotqEBtPbc_N0XuyqOwgbKFtTowS0RXLuLAvtedNf1-5pTZp2EhTnQ36M/s320/Mayer%20bench%203.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>The very simple lockplate.</i></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOy-wOOu659YbtdcJ5wAFVYWEVMYJtCXJSU8X7G3hUtMUzght8-0Clk2PjUvdZlvi62LuURkeMFxoroel_xDNKuBtZwwrfRAav3t-2on_utw4XlYN398Cvy5JXsr4ZBGB6aTVthmPMzQg9fdaUyMOzomo8vGMY5GfB_2mgxR3sc1-9ezRXLJBDAhqEno4/s2362/Mayer%20bench%204.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1329" data-original-width="2362" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOy-wOOu659YbtdcJ5wAFVYWEVMYJtCXJSU8X7G3hUtMUzght8-0Clk2PjUvdZlvi62LuURkeMFxoroel_xDNKuBtZwwrfRAav3t-2on_utw4XlYN398Cvy5JXsr4ZBGB6aTVthmPMzQg9fdaUyMOzomo8vGMY5GfB_2mgxR3sc1-9ezRXLJBDAhqEno4/s320/Mayer%20bench%204.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Linenfold panel on the front of the 'benchchest'.</i></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEI_KPrU44EH8PxCS5AuSxdpTCUNci4OnzZiqp20nX6Va4Au7x2We1u6poIAfuZKqS2zXbvI1Y_56oXFwrfbGQxhqEQaUSAm1Oo5mW_KskK9Ttu1vWBj-G23sWCx5RdawTy7x7NXcak2zxV8TVbErAiaB2KV8CBFB52eNumpxoshM0YT8a7T4Lq7QFdhE/s2362/mayer%20bench%205%20backside.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2362" data-original-width="1329" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEI_KPrU44EH8PxCS5AuSxdpTCUNci4OnzZiqp20nX6Va4Au7x2We1u6poIAfuZKqS2zXbvI1Y_56oXFwrfbGQxhqEQaUSAm1Oo5mW_KskK9Ttu1vWBj-G23sWCx5RdawTy7x7NXcak2zxV8TVbErAiaB2KV8CBFB52eNumpxoshM0YT8a7T4Lq7QFdhE/s320/mayer%20bench%205%20backside.jpg" width="180" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Linenfold panel of the backrest of the bench.</i></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib0jvONeAKNaZMfPvLpZS-eDb_CH53ernFCOdITOO7NLGy3U4rXWuQB_c85CcMkQoU-aka0Zgv90zBmdoS6ghoOvFWxJf6uzwYv1T341cRTeBF1pQ1p0s3nhKj3hUgEOnNONs-7kNz8syiKFS2tXuLOaoUpgD_vvQhllb5sZGfM7AjmHB9mOjibv20fTA/s2362/mayer%20bench%206%20armrest.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1329" data-original-width="2362" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib0jvONeAKNaZMfPvLpZS-eDb_CH53ernFCOdITOO7NLGy3U4rXWuQB_c85CcMkQoU-aka0Zgv90zBmdoS6ghoOvFWxJf6uzwYv1T341cRTeBF1pQ1p0s3nhKj3hUgEOnNONs-7kNz8syiKFS2tXuLOaoUpgD_vvQhllb5sZGfM7AjmHB9mOjibv20fTA/s320/mayer%20bench%206%20armrest.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Linenfold panel of the armrest of the bench.</i></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis0Wa43Rz_nVcKDJ_hLRezZB0FeEh-Mwci5K0ZhGH9VORhpWCgKz7bsSh6cN2YY1WcVdp0AkH-Lt9h7C-v0piqNFdLhuhk-HoKxyR7XsR9fewQX6EmK0T599awpSs5mIHOjlVvDQgYVvg4NrWN0OdI2s6ioiIyw6yaQn1C20qLeteH1gBWA7-gLBCW8kQ/s2362/mayer%20bench%207%20%20rose.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1329" data-original-width="2362" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis0Wa43Rz_nVcKDJ_hLRezZB0FeEh-Mwci5K0ZhGH9VORhpWCgKz7bsSh6cN2YY1WcVdp0AkH-Lt9h7C-v0piqNFdLhuhk-HoKxyR7XsR9fewQX6EmK0T599awpSs5mIHOjlVvDQgYVvg4NrWN0OdI2s6ioiIyw6yaQn1C20qLeteH1gBWA7-gLBCW8kQ/s320/mayer%20bench%207%20%20rose.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><i><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Decoration at the top of the backrest of the bench.</i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><br /></i></div></i><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzHUyWArnQ4ce7nrAviakpoBQfUn1fhwoDgiF4CIAVyZN6hp1BkIOJROeTWf9UthY26BWM9QKTmYBN9w9ulR7HOHSpdxVsjYR7DjdnOnASkE0QMrftUZtGJUlzTIhtQRzUXjL4E3_bvrHrTm7f1EXRCZW9GYtihkczdKclxwXddbgnBO1pI60nTKy7q7g/s2454/Mayer%20armoire%200.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2454" data-original-width="2268" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzHUyWArnQ4ce7nrAviakpoBQfUn1fhwoDgiF4CIAVyZN6hp1BkIOJROeTWf9UthY26BWM9QKTmYBN9w9ulR7HOHSpdxVsjYR7DjdnOnASkE0QMrftUZtGJUlzTIhtQRzUXjL4E3_bvrHrTm7f1EXRCZW9GYtihkczdKclxwXddbgnBO1pI60nTKy7q7g/w592-h640/Mayer%20armoire%200.jpg" width="592" /></a></div><i><div style="text-align: center;"><i>A 16th century armoire. The X-panels are a typically Flemish design of that time.</i></div></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>
<div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhisPdmuyegG817BKhFA33owmhSwYLMm3V0VzviTDcRiCULYZge20PqSCLsCnWfDtMKe6CKsqwWMjF6GVSHb4Z49g680c99CGi2LgDaJLBXzJZL54OzMe1dQkc2Ud7unnPXwxeXwyXYdVcFpfvcrcmWuOIfj_ce2hyphenhyphens3YP7d3iORRawB-jMONdM-ozepqI/s2362/mayer%20armoire%206%20deur%20boven.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2362" data-original-width="1621" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhisPdmuyegG817BKhFA33owmhSwYLMm3V0VzviTDcRiCULYZge20PqSCLsCnWfDtMKe6CKsqwWMjF6GVSHb4Z49g680c99CGi2LgDaJLBXzJZL54OzMe1dQkc2Ud7unnPXwxeXwyXYdVcFpfvcrcmWuOIfj_ce2hyphenhyphens3YP7d3iORRawB-jMONdM-ozepqI/w275-h400/mayer%20armoire%206%20deur%20boven.jpg" width="275" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><i>Top door of the armoire with a carving with animals and grapevines. The carving is made from one oak block, not a panel in a frame.</i></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3Q4XbeLMsrEY0g8O6-qJgucaXvZ0b68Q5QWxb2nk1mGeMZ09BiMd8CzpUvpLSwdi5CdxJvtFUsv03AO0X0V_DFZ7KB7fFImTrRCHRP4pWX1yQE6aWV_n_1u_6JWFDoaTvOzPVexvYDAxULAjhyAKA1joQeYUt8OHfqogh8VYC68Wj5J4pcrIUY4scqvA/s2362/Mayer%20armoire%205%20top%20middle.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2362" data-original-width="1329" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3Q4XbeLMsrEY0g8O6-qJgucaXvZ0b68Q5QWxb2nk1mGeMZ09BiMd8CzpUvpLSwdi5CdxJvtFUsv03AO0X0V_DFZ7KB7fFImTrRCHRP4pWX1yQE6aWV_n_1u_6JWFDoaTvOzPVexvYDAxULAjhyAKA1joQeYUt8OHfqogh8VYC68Wj5J4pcrIUY4scqvA/s320/Mayer%20armoire%205%20top%20middle.jpg" width="180" /></a></div><i>The carving of the middle stile.</i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirKnu8_EzRqVOrxFPgrZj3Je6YpS2V2UZV6AzvPaBLTr1Hll6dTs19djjSrOVatwdXB3qpX6WjmS2gMqYF-mXV1ihsKA06qbyULge8KlK0suICq2gGjDf_ACwYeYWnkJN26jyGdSu_XtjKiaEublxy_0xxhvh34KyIFIxCI-4RB6jzd8TnX3jju1Ww3qY/s2362/mayer%20armoire%201.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1329" data-original-width="2362" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirKnu8_EzRqVOrxFPgrZj3Je6YpS2V2UZV6AzvPaBLTr1Hll6dTs19djjSrOVatwdXB3qpX6WjmS2gMqYF-mXV1ihsKA06qbyULge8KlK0suICq2gGjDf_ACwYeYWnkJN26jyGdSu_XtjKiaEublxy_0xxhvh34KyIFIxCI-4RB6jzd8TnX3jju1Ww3qY/s320/mayer%20armoire%201.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Detail of the top door.</i></div><i><br /></i><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZxGJRzryOFNGlGAiV8rxC4GpsADhdggEqe3X8ndn_Z7BCvtEVTkhZPdaHzdKv-ZtmDtPgQv__fwaOLvqiyoRdNnx7YwFt4AnPZ2Hb11XhIMOcBLRi-VHi81U9ylgzP_UKL-8qKpZWuoQljpQ35lGIywPITSAfYg-zp8VP2s3Jv_ALYI_GPMB2dPCNURY/s2362/Mayer%20armoire%202%20lade.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><i>
<img border="0" data-original-height="1329" data-original-width="2362" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZxGJRzryOFNGlGAiV8rxC4GpsADhdggEqe3X8ndn_Z7BCvtEVTkhZPdaHzdKv-ZtmDtPgQv__fwaOLvqiyoRdNnx7YwFt4AnPZ2Hb11XhIMOcBLRi-VHi81U9ylgzP_UKL-8qKpZWuoQljpQ35lGIywPITSAfYg-zp8VP2s3Jv_ALYI_GPMB2dPCNURY/w400-h225/Mayer%20armoire%202%20lade.jpg" width="400" /></i></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Drawer of the armoire with a grapevine decoration.</i></div><i><br /></i><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnejGaC8xAi_hUcqsF2vVbh0l3NPnFRUv34jvUM91esY8cFd3TNGCC7lj2jrZMksIbWqQ1sbgSS9byuU8LSFYOuIyc-5dT47okCgudesUC9yYP2-W-yWVAew112ikOS-ptfc5qWojaQMcqbX2tcgO9QmEXF-bkFprTtovUYVmo3HdQfld1tRz2Gob1H3U/s2362/Mayer%20armoire%203%20deur.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><i><img border="0" data-original-height="1329" data-original-width="2362" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnejGaC8xAi_hUcqsF2vVbh0l3NPnFRUv34jvUM91esY8cFd3TNGCC7lj2jrZMksIbWqQ1sbgSS9byuU8LSFYOuIyc-5dT47okCgudesUC9yYP2-W-yWVAew112ikOS-ptfc5qWojaQMcqbX2tcgO9QmEXF-bkFprTtovUYVmo3HdQfld1tRz2Gob1H3U/w400-h225/Mayer%20armoire%203%20deur.jpg" width="400" /></i></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>The bottom door only has and X-decoration.</i></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioOepu-xo__dFEMY_z_EVOB5bV8-39TuFDBwirV2mowLYIoGWF0YyDyflPciwdCkz7Clyb9vMhxs8Crp-M7ppE7xQtZdOilvKbnnM1Yj0BmSkdAcKKi7il7eHwAJgfYuFWXeDNuM5E7L9Snd7F165wFHdc9YaCPpFojbGBbunFyagOurhj-ioylooWdwA/s2362/Mayer%20armoire%204%20panel.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2362" data-original-width="1329" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioOepu-xo__dFEMY_z_EVOB5bV8-39TuFDBwirV2mowLYIoGWF0YyDyflPciwdCkz7Clyb9vMhxs8Crp-M7ppE7xQtZdOilvKbnnM1Yj0BmSkdAcKKi7il7eHwAJgfYuFWXeDNuM5E7L9Snd7F165wFHdc9YaCPpFojbGBbunFyagOurhj-ioylooWdwA/w225-h400/Mayer%20armoire%204%20panel.jpg" width="225" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">An X-panel at the bottom of the armoire.</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYERQSKqKVSg82rB6KfaRUxln8QWglexyKZoFX3XIL8WVBLm1wpZGrC1bFKi05SUwQz4ILZaExg3kxlyoUAWzQzoikYrGU6NggK7Ht_AtldAldiBl5CX6Ccb3JrE-7chDBbZADFphu_eQRAHMo6EMEV05UryR6ygG6K706j3uPwPFhiGa8_wuBPU5iEp4/s2362/mayer%20armoire%207%20bovenkant.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1329" data-original-width="2362" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYERQSKqKVSg82rB6KfaRUxln8QWglexyKZoFX3XIL8WVBLm1wpZGrC1bFKi05SUwQz4ILZaExg3kxlyoUAWzQzoikYrGU6NggK7Ht_AtldAldiBl5CX6Ccb3JrE-7chDBbZADFphu_eQRAHMo6EMEV05UryR6ygG6K706j3uPwPFhiGa8_wuBPU5iEp4/w400-h225/mayer%20armoire%207%20bovenkant.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>The top of the armoire.</i></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhblT5hCfKINV-ZHM0zjO9rrkcC4IBuo8UfEMaI_bD4pE1HveCRqsCqwCUCuOfjB6UmOEj6wxfUvIGCJno5V6-M_kfKEI2nRKvTVXCERJoUKZ14u7xFkh7xEwQIoF5DRWz0HSQjXIU3SGMGGV8Hg0JEYFHe2Pb-hp07UcFwl__BhrnQredfyGR-91RFgXc/s2362/Mayer%20armoire%208%20zijkant.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2362" data-original-width="1329" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhblT5hCfKINV-ZHM0zjO9rrkcC4IBuo8UfEMaI_bD4pE1HveCRqsCqwCUCuOfjB6UmOEj6wxfUvIGCJno5V6-M_kfKEI2nRKvTVXCERJoUKZ14u7xFkh7xEwQIoF5DRWz0HSQjXIU3SGMGGV8Hg0JEYFHe2Pb-hp07UcFwl__BhrnQredfyGR-91RFgXc/w225-h400/Mayer%20armoire%208%20zijkant.jpg" width="225" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>The side of the armoire only has linenfold carved panels.</i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8Ea8ll2ICg__kDvkVZAFAcj99Qar9s-CrXiQuEDeH_TdunyiQRlTOXLc1VpYD42xCdGvOP_ZIfibCNN_Z5nlU4fh6BbIOaRZR7bhKuj6aLdI3jyGrAqZ8aRD-fCIjoEXfEDJ6IlqfuU0mipbNII3URqgaLfgJ0VHCQ6HD1iPwH3s_BKoDu94qsCkzcho/s2362/mayer%20armoire%209%20profielrand.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1553" data-original-width="2362" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8Ea8ll2ICg__kDvkVZAFAcj99Qar9s-CrXiQuEDeH_TdunyiQRlTOXLc1VpYD42xCdGvOP_ZIfibCNN_Z5nlU4fh6BbIOaRZR7bhKuj6aLdI3jyGrAqZ8aRD-fCIjoEXfEDJ6IlqfuU0mipbNII3URqgaLfgJ0VHCQ6HD1iPwH3s_BKoDu94qsCkzcho/s320/mayer%20armoire%209%20profielrand.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>The profile of the crown of the armoire.</i></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvv-RP70-GI7ax1UfdeamBJYYm4fJjXOfBtC_YxM9GHkgctMsJOHl8XdkWfVLf3INyCn1mI_jhKwgSFfq5jGtnfFhFVm_hBRhjnJCLkpAWwVTt81NjelsDES9nnN6E5TdVYbkoQ9T-WLPxanv-pFvnjMV2o9Lk5J12_nLfr0pfzEzG-YJyMqeXz2aUYjk/s2362/Mayer%20armoire%2010%20panel.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2362" data-original-width="1329" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvv-RP70-GI7ax1UfdeamBJYYm4fJjXOfBtC_YxM9GHkgctMsJOHl8XdkWfVLf3INyCn1mI_jhKwgSFfq5jGtnfFhFVm_hBRhjnJCLkpAWwVTt81NjelsDES9nnN6E5TdVYbkoQ9T-WLPxanv-pFvnjMV2o9Lk5J12_nLfr0pfzEzG-YJyMqeXz2aUYjk/s320/Mayer%20armoire%2010%20panel.jpg" width="180" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>A linenfold panel from the side of the armoire.</i></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl7-hWCO286XPeOCG-3w-ATaijXYCXd4MuHQLDmYcbQ4rEyTR2eUbRdafRN0Tu4YxaB1cPpj10SmvO6xXSbMizluUdvsPNgNFFySvAleswkuOrxMS2Vhli7-HLkr8sR_Y2UqMDEkUxgwLUaDasmLl-YFqUtlqRzrt6HNhRZc_7kn9yDMikC4DcmzLt9tQ/s4032/mayer%20schoorsteen%200.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2268" data-original-width="4032" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl7-hWCO286XPeOCG-3w-ATaijXYCXd4MuHQLDmYcbQ4rEyTR2eUbRdafRN0Tu4YxaB1cPpj10SmvO6xXSbMizluUdvsPNgNFFySvAleswkuOrxMS2Vhli7-HLkr8sR_Y2UqMDEkUxgwLUaDasmLl-YFqUtlqRzrt6HNhRZc_7kn9yDMikC4DcmzLt9tQ/w640-h360/mayer%20schoorsteen%200.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>An oaken decorated mantlepiece of a fireplace.</i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><br /></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXHpfY_oZYYaYIln93VA7bV39yz_UstGFPMVjlXwPphznNw0jCli-q55X7VeFGRx31K1gLFWpiqIp-P2oSdhF_lWs91yqrKHeIqTcpT07J7KQGeAhQSU8RPT_y_o67-HJVG8tAcK_dv9XiRZzPh30gCKxs1NPRavVLHHcY7-XsRx9EN2sv88B3w_moUSI/s1926/mayer%20schoorsteen%201.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXHpfY_oZYYaYIln93VA7bV39yz_UstGFPMVjlXwPphznNw0jCli-q55X7VeFGRx31K1gLFWpiqIp-P2oSdhF_lWs91yqrKHeIqTcpT07J7KQGeAhQSU8RPT_y_o67-HJVG8tAcK_dv9XiRZzPh30gCKxs1NPRavVLHHcY7-XsRx9EN2sv88B3w_moUSI/s1926/mayer%20schoorsteen%201.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1797" data-original-width="1926" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXHpfY_oZYYaYIln93VA7bV39yz_UstGFPMVjlXwPphznNw0jCli-q55X7VeFGRx31K1gLFWpiqIp-P2oSdhF_lWs91yqrKHeIqTcpT07J7KQGeAhQSU8RPT_y_o67-HJVG8tAcK_dv9XiRZzPh30gCKxs1NPRavVLHHcY7-XsRx9EN2sv88B3w_moUSI/w200-h187/mayer%20schoorsteen%201.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglOkOIXEBpq-0aeyUuGbmyAIYaV0KJlWmpOF-lFbnPMxQoDI50FAIwGxY3Ec8uz1qs4B24Fz1VC8eqMEVYpNrCmaBxGJoyuFyXyulo2YfZ0N0u7gbevEGGSUWZoWcd5wbzziE6WWGJd5L1b4faI5Nt4mu23d7xZDLFFnCzsYEdAvm8s4aCVLDuTmonHjw/s2160/mayer%20schoorsteen%202.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2019" data-original-width="2160" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglOkOIXEBpq-0aeyUuGbmyAIYaV0KJlWmpOF-lFbnPMxQoDI50FAIwGxY3Ec8uz1qs4B24Fz1VC8eqMEVYpNrCmaBxGJoyuFyXyulo2YfZ0N0u7gbevEGGSUWZoWcd5wbzziE6WWGJd5L1b4faI5Nt4mu23d7xZDLFFnCzsYEdAvm8s4aCVLDuTmonHjw/w200-h187/mayer%20schoorsteen%202.jpg" width="200" /></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitLEeX-3Dtrh6Q7lHGltTzmk-_Cfy-BQqyIMUbOkDzDpZTv5b7plTGbJr0Lu41KOeWX_fdFs9paj8LYWU__Cj8NO4whjZSfWCpwq4lrC4nIYwSbWs7ozg0RJ6aPwPmLfoClaP2bA6MaizUqWnolEFl4p9LhGax8sx9PqcVUD9s6rxz3YPq165chSUiRs0/s1908/mayer%20schoorsteen%203.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1755" data-original-width="1908" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitLEeX-3Dtrh6Q7lHGltTzmk-_Cfy-BQqyIMUbOkDzDpZTv5b7plTGbJr0Lu41KOeWX_fdFs9paj8LYWU__Cj8NO4whjZSfWCpwq4lrC4nIYwSbWs7ozg0RJ6aPwPmLfoClaP2bA6MaizUqWnolEFl4p9LhGax8sx9PqcVUD9s6rxz3YPq165chSUiRs0/w200-h184/mayer%20schoorsteen%203.jpg" width="200" /></a></div></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Three circular carvings from the front of the mantlepiece.</i></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSA0z_7AegP2zdLyLHR2Y-eUU9GkDsxrEPshIt-qBZ_5FQIZLeIZ3aJbIQzmA5UjO1DqzEZ8AygLszFgaGJ_wgnEjTD60iTqsvsCFq-5re7yfuWqp2J2v6lLkachsYGmVkiBXVQiJeo7l0BFr4BxEGXpYsNJreXWDQRLiBFLloTui7GEKC8VwAYSKkOsk/s4032/Mayer%20schoorsteen%204.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2268" data-original-width="4032" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSA0z_7AegP2zdLyLHR2Y-eUU9GkDsxrEPshIt-qBZ_5FQIZLeIZ3aJbIQzmA5UjO1DqzEZ8AygLszFgaGJ_wgnEjTD60iTqsvsCFq-5re7yfuWqp2J2v6lLkachsYGmVkiBXVQiJeo7l0BFr4BxEGXpYsNJreXWDQRLiBFLloTui7GEKC8VwAYSKkOsk/w400-h225/Mayer%20schoorsteen%204.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>The side and the front are connected with large dovetails. Note the thickness of the wood used for the mantlepiece.</i></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8LUpCbnQSNDM-gnGD4vtV-n1iM_x2Q9NokAxM-LeS5jUlcK_y-wZ8rLzrzq6WU8T2UVf6iikFVw7Qhu3c93NgpvABJUo6KekfJbF3opbz8EIZavJEh_cqdw8JuyNbiGKXPHVG8dKs4wsKF8TLSyDA4UlMoF1PA_CfLlDrkWuumpD0mlAP-7zfLv3NsBw/s3174/driepoot%202.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3174" data-original-width="2268" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8LUpCbnQSNDM-gnGD4vtV-n1iM_x2Q9NokAxM-LeS5jUlcK_y-wZ8rLzrzq6WU8T2UVf6iikFVw7Qhu3c93NgpvABJUo6KekfJbF3opbz8EIZavJEh_cqdw8JuyNbiGKXPHVG8dKs4wsKF8TLSyDA4UlMoF1PA_CfLlDrkWuumpD0mlAP-7zfLv3NsBw/w286-h400/driepoot%202.jpg" width="286" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO9_duOAcURsmbuAckhtqsMRUz0MsbzmuKkg6-jCZSMMO9-BRaB1NYpXPLX2m9wmOJxHeqO0_lJ3HYg8q5d4FKw6FTBusAIgUVw2G2qYJkgNcdkOb5ZOxmgEoAVnRyH7EeYxYu1xaQDHeK3hwAhABe1wh3r_3Cd8hxySwqgsoMx-2Xl-EJhaEa_ioSHkk/s3024/driepoot.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="2268" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO9_duOAcURsmbuAckhtqsMRUz0MsbzmuKkg6-jCZSMMO9-BRaB1NYpXPLX2m9wmOJxHeqO0_lJ3HYg8q5d4FKw6FTBusAIgUVw2G2qYJkgNcdkOb5ZOxmgEoAVnRyH7EeYxYu1xaQDHeK3hwAhABe1wh3r_3Cd8hxySwqgsoMx-2Xl-EJhaEa_ioSHkk/w300-h400/driepoot.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Details from the painting 'Boerengezelschap bij de haard' (Farmers at the fireplace) by Pieter Aertsen, ca 1556. On the painting there are two triangular turned chairs depicted. Note that the bottom horizontal rails all are set at a different height in the vertical rail.</i></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSek8U_5HUI06iJpBPeCZNzMK62wHPoPZNsq5rCsjtO-wqREgjeoRGicIz2We0TUJxXZe4BJiKO1wHDfqPNZqI5GF_ghTXWGr8KGtB4BhKmNqiFbFtpcM1CjDAELnqZ7bIgffkt14JRJbLxoBAHM4PfgWlHtbusA3yaJHpvVVBbQ4RRZbueXL74VEmwNM/s1853/Mayer%20driepoot%204.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1853" data-original-width="1850" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSek8U_5HUI06iJpBPeCZNzMK62wHPoPZNsq5rCsjtO-wqREgjeoRGicIz2We0TUJxXZe4BJiKO1wHDfqPNZqI5GF_ghTXWGr8KGtB4BhKmNqiFbFtpcM1CjDAELnqZ7bIgffkt14JRJbLxoBAHM4PfgWlHtbusA3yaJHpvVVBbQ4RRZbueXL74VEmwNM/s320/Mayer%20driepoot%204.jpg" width="319" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Also Pieter Brueghel Sr. depicted some triangular chairs. Here one of the collection of 12 painted plates, one of them showing a drunk between two chairs, 'Int slampampen en mocht my niemant verrasschen, al quyt, sit ick tusschen twee stoelen in dasschen'.</i></div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVWQUlUFRigIMpGvEHDR2yBvnuKSk5QiDy315pG9wet2VcUxEX1OT3hba9FtI-08VjVpxQpqkpH5zuC8IFBOf5k3vmoEggi2xbV-0HJTnc00wmgTH86G11Zdpme5ecZFR-jtlGFHJ221Tbcr7OGiNxSIfrt1MhE6aBkxGCyT0A77hI3Zo1g87iIPYT1cM/s3138/mayer%20driepoot%203.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3138" data-original-width="2268" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVWQUlUFRigIMpGvEHDR2yBvnuKSk5QiDy315pG9wet2VcUxEX1OT3hba9FtI-08VjVpxQpqkpH5zuC8IFBOf5k3vmoEggi2xbV-0HJTnc00wmgTH86G11Zdpme5ecZFR-jtlGFHJ221Tbcr7OGiNxSIfrt1MhE6aBkxGCyT0A77hI3Zo1g87iIPYT1cM/w289-h400/mayer%20driepoot%203.jpg" width="289" /></a></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>As well as Pieter Bruegher Jr.. Here a detail from the 'Volkstelling te Bethlehem' (start of the 17th century).</i></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQW8kptSDu_M6143j4FJNN7klkj9oxa9yMHSbWNpgiru4E1blGQR_1gm29-_HqDfr_h1OSQPa11vLrVS4h_Z7DvScYpeX1u9P9se0C1VTTs5R45LqXpO-LC_C-FNyAIaCp3McHrb9KndCzDyhfnQKH_-JTDXXhp5h_x4wiWG65ruiOa21JTrodJIb6eJc/s2362/mayer%20chair%201.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2362" data-original-width="1329" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQW8kptSDu_M6143j4FJNN7klkj9oxa9yMHSbWNpgiru4E1blGQR_1gm29-_HqDfr_h1OSQPa11vLrVS4h_Z7DvScYpeX1u9P9se0C1VTTs5R45LqXpO-LC_C-FNyAIaCp3McHrb9KndCzDyhfnQKH_-JTDXXhp5h_x4wiWG65ruiOa21JTrodJIb6eJc/w360-h640/mayer%20chair%201.jpg" width="360" /></a></div><i><div style="text-align: center;"><i>A 15th-early 16th century chair with a high backrest.</i></div></i></div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBNrA_nAhLhvER5_LEsjmVLtpq-j4_FZA_qR7F1FTUUY-7IboKfGrXG_ewwMEErc2rm_95_z2DVSKJd-yBz4xjyMV_MYRLQFh4S4Ndm51IqwwutVnJaah6_bDP-xeEhrvcFRjFd8YkwOjgIbPuDs9E_qfgW3oJl20opXEfCNSwEbWYM8oQNwkG2EuBDFg/s2362/mayer%20chair%202%20panel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1329" data-original-width="2362" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBNrA_nAhLhvER5_LEsjmVLtpq-j4_FZA_qR7F1FTUUY-7IboKfGrXG_ewwMEErc2rm_95_z2DVSKJd-yBz4xjyMV_MYRLQFh4S4Ndm51IqwwutVnJaah6_bDP-xeEhrvcFRjFd8YkwOjgIbPuDs9E_qfgW3oJl20opXEfCNSwEbWYM8oQNwkG2EuBDFg/w400-h225/mayer%20chair%202%20panel.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><i><div style="text-align: center;"><i>The top panels are of the X-design.</i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><br /></i></div></i><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5iTtwKydcPCEYWWoRP5-m5Fn-eY8Zf6Lz8ZFIQCO4ay8Bu-ZARE-oa9uPUO1THZM9kIePDl_2JDWl4EamSWtIwU_bftTpYSRASty2tAG8CfPqhRCiQrztI_ysLanY_xEwC68VKmfkC2ccQdAvWxpzIyCKt9Xv3rwFGkIUHT9ONb6yNOD5hySg7-bktEI/s2362/mayer%20chair%203%20panel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1329" data-original-width="2362" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5iTtwKydcPCEYWWoRP5-m5Fn-eY8Zf6Lz8ZFIQCO4ay8Bu-ZARE-oa9uPUO1THZM9kIePDl_2JDWl4EamSWtIwU_bftTpYSRASty2tAG8CfPqhRCiQrztI_ysLanY_xEwC68VKmfkC2ccQdAvWxpzIyCKt9Xv3rwFGkIUHT9ONb6yNOD5hySg7-bktEI/w400-h225/mayer%20chair%203%20panel.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>While the bottom panels have a linenfold pattern. </i></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6M-ZAWjOGgjoIAGpBfDSxPOFFpzUGlv0wvZFI3-eTfbApZGoGbyEQvwBa_pHFH990MLx0oW9NyTeuyG6w2P-jXJLXL_FX2oHS2BB5tAy08VpcPICnc1iPgvVKpK1OkWYB0VvhYUaOOutplHMdQDMpA4nznl6gcfpyPN9bG9prCBq3r1R00g2Ovur_sns/s2362/mayer%20chair%204%20seating.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1329" data-original-width="2362" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6M-ZAWjOGgjoIAGpBfDSxPOFFpzUGlv0wvZFI3-eTfbApZGoGbyEQvwBa_pHFH990MLx0oW9NyTeuyG6w2P-jXJLXL_FX2oHS2BB5tAy08VpcPICnc1iPgvVKpK1OkWYB0VvhYUaOOutplHMdQDMpA4nznl6gcfpyPN9bG9prCBq3r1R00g2Ovur_sns/w400-h225/mayer%20chair%204%20seating.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>The seating is also a lid of a chest. The hinges (and the lock) are hidden with this chair.</i></div></div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR17a1CnUjSOqPuUKgL8s1_yMVoRXVUgttjuymWxSA44CclpJZ4rtY6zPFTI0fCHrD9Ei1Z6cDmDFnTdplqE360QhI3s4sEOgsWBIVKpwk9qFvazbC904jj5-TqD2kqaMd5uGWKux_GrNoiUq8E5maPnbM7jt8jm9xqW_xlKZb9ykr9XbkI4OIZAWqBwk/s2362/mayer%20chair%205%20side.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2362" data-original-width="1329" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR17a1CnUjSOqPuUKgL8s1_yMVoRXVUgttjuymWxSA44CclpJZ4rtY6zPFTI0fCHrD9Ei1Z6cDmDFnTdplqE360QhI3s4sEOgsWBIVKpwk9qFvazbC904jj5-TqD2kqaMd5uGWKux_GrNoiUq8E5maPnbM7jt8jm9xqW_xlKZb9ykr9XbkI4OIZAWqBwk/w225-h400/mayer%20chair%205%20side.jpg" width="225" /></a></div><i><div style="text-align: center;"><i>The side of the chair with the decorated vertical rails.</i></div></i><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLMPkbtF1UTbW0jXcuFSqtY8JGmmxuww5MiLoQODvrBQFVtmsHcJHo6Tg5jTUZ00HkVrAghptkzXC1aXq1zacLblxb0bZfYYqPqPgai0ZGU05H04bhFkP8r0UhITo7FzK3S1HLp4rCMlupL8LxaCByEB6A1_dTDPct9hqM4RsIi4JaF6cHcGXGbF01Y3I/s1788/Mayer%20stool%205.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1788" data-original-width="1638" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLMPkbtF1UTbW0jXcuFSqtY8JGmmxuww5MiLoQODvrBQFVtmsHcJHo6Tg5jTUZ00HkVrAghptkzXC1aXq1zacLblxb0bZfYYqPqPgai0ZGU05H04bhFkP8r0UhITo7FzK3S1HLp4rCMlupL8LxaCByEB6A1_dTDPct9hqM4RsIi4JaF6cHcGXGbF01Y3I/w586-h640/Mayer%20stool%205.jpg" width="586" /></a></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>An elegant late 15th century small square stool (or side table).</i></div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD3Z42XWGX5sJqCjGEHjYzdf2NEpEasGUS1l5SjR6IycH-6nADFqBfhubv2KzSG0QnOBeJ48z5lVx_GmkKr869CY_CrjEkhD9h1DfVKCaRkQrgDRzM94_ZBBfjlBp3Gowob1Im7RKIvIFcueriQCu7D6U3Pw2LpejNBmroTXYlK6mDz83_7WUWiiBySU4/s3138/Mayer%20stool%204.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3138" data-original-width="2268" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD3Z42XWGX5sJqCjGEHjYzdf2NEpEasGUS1l5SjR6IycH-6nADFqBfhubv2KzSG0QnOBeJ48z5lVx_GmkKr869CY_CrjEkhD9h1DfVKCaRkQrgDRzM94_ZBBfjlBp3Gowob1Im7RKIvIFcueriQCu7D6U3Pw2LpejNBmroTXYlK6mDz83_7WUWiiBySU4/w289-h400/Mayer%20stool%204.jpg" width="289" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><i>Providing a look from beneath the stool. </i></span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi1uEtFG2Gg_0L5jtEkytSL9NIVBYNuZFSGwUuPOgaEP1f-MalbAWWPuJDyN98aU7LwmLFhQzuOYbKV06YKpEozDDlduobZbIktQ7usZvkmNZX9VhDNeuRgSLywX6r37sg_1CIEVQ3xIM-SnjdhOjR5wawGjhY5rJi7Y9W1vb7rHOn59tUEiUz_NOqM_s/s2994/Mayer%20stool%203.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2268" data-original-width="2994" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi1uEtFG2Gg_0L5jtEkytSL9NIVBYNuZFSGwUuPOgaEP1f-MalbAWWPuJDyN98aU7LwmLFhQzuOYbKV06YKpEozDDlduobZbIktQ7usZvkmNZX9VhDNeuRgSLywX6r37sg_1CIEVQ3xIM-SnjdhOjR5wawGjhY5rJi7Y9W1vb7rHOn59tUEiUz_NOqM_s/w400-h303/Mayer%20stool%203.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>A mini-linenfold is directly below the table top.</i></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjh9CEpFf0If37Cy-s7g2KmLa3qgFnZochS6NIDAs5BZOvTnNMyfPN53f8wNRjALzUF5n8SEC-HJPMgeGFckF_TPEADVpTfnsqkZHOdSsXX9E5lIsSGSDcgN_LHkGtO2q1wVEd-2l07-qwjpHg5WyYcD6a89egZfAWoFotCx_Jeur1TgFKbdjjiwbVbnvU/s2970/Mayer%20stool%202.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2970" data-original-width="2268" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjh9CEpFf0If37Cy-s7g2KmLa3qgFnZochS6NIDAs5BZOvTnNMyfPN53f8wNRjALzUF5n8SEC-HJPMgeGFckF_TPEADVpTfnsqkZHOdSsXX9E5lIsSGSDcgN_LHkGtO2q1wVEd-2l07-qwjpHg5WyYcD6a89egZfAWoFotCx_Jeur1TgFKbdjjiwbVbnvU/w305-h400/Mayer%20stool%202.jpg" width="305" /></a></div><i><div style="text-align: center;"><i>The centre rail connecting the two sides looks triangular, not square.</i></div></i><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgODDTIP88dDFelNi8oMk7VLJ8b2l0gWWkZx597d7FIM5wjrC4zuGAcZw-1C9LqHn_-LswGseFRp2gTHoQoj4Q2tY5W6uBZ2iTE0Klovtl7pdW-y-zzCLc9-A_sug1TlIaGfMFqf4_pJqvA5HEI9x5SUFQ9JKHFAZ-_-MsBWfvN-ug8_EQhSMVnTtCPidE/s3129/mayer%20small%20chest%203.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1980" data-original-width="3129" height="404" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgODDTIP88dDFelNi8oMk7VLJ8b2l0gWWkZx597d7FIM5wjrC4zuGAcZw-1C9LqHn_-LswGseFRp2gTHoQoj4Q2tY5W6uBZ2iTE0Klovtl7pdW-y-zzCLc9-A_sug1TlIaGfMFqf4_pJqvA5HEI9x5SUFQ9JKHFAZ-_-MsBWfvN-ug8_EQhSMVnTtCPidE/w640-h404/mayer%20small%20chest%203.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>A small oaken chest dating from 1500.</i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKSUJDLkjqJSVTz581XxpPgk3ZJOJT0X4UJ8oiVut8UPZvO6ENKAWFiM8Kh5fR04pWN_FjWPQ76ajX-KZwyolI3-_J8K4ziQzY4g4-tPn1mU1vLYSl2ZKLYHIP_O3tJ2WdiJogWil3cLnmCsjS1Lfczx9MJ1sKS1zOH7DI4xat1xGMvla4JZem5UgRhkQ/s1725/Mayer%20small%20chest%206%20lock.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1725" data-original-width="1698" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKSUJDLkjqJSVTz581XxpPgk3ZJOJT0X4UJ8oiVut8UPZvO6ENKAWFiM8Kh5fR04pWN_FjWPQ76ajX-KZwyolI3-_J8K4ziQzY4g4-tPn1mU1vLYSl2ZKLYHIP_O3tJ2WdiJogWil3cLnmCsjS1Lfczx9MJ1sKS1zOH7DI4xat1xGMvla4JZem5UgRhkQ/s320/Mayer%20small%20chest%206%20lock.jpg" width="315" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>A simple lockplate on the chest.</i></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPAGw9ChiLdj_EdMpM-9ATjx038OvFY9izz0gQM2dkOTJ9QSx7TwQwEwwCvfg2bmKO4lp0C3Bjb6o-w7bJW0uj6hnXBaY24noEhgxpk3XKsAZYs9X9I0iobJ1-jo31XPngOiGDaCiAD9CculS-8x_R8cyZC4Ye87vrF_cA5frrMxH5DC4IXBX8dAbgFYk/s2802/Mayer%20small%20chest%205.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2802" data-original-width="2268" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPAGw9ChiLdj_EdMpM-9ATjx038OvFY9izz0gQM2dkOTJ9QSx7TwQwEwwCvfg2bmKO4lp0C3Bjb6o-w7bJW0uj6hnXBaY24noEhgxpk3XKsAZYs9X9I0iobJ1-jo31XPngOiGDaCiAD9CculS-8x_R8cyZC4Ye87vrF_cA5frrMxH5DC4IXBX8dAbgFYk/w324-h400/Mayer%20small%20chest%205.jpg" width="324" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>The lid uses a wooden dowel as a hinge. The construction of the chest is very simple: just some boards nailed flat against each other. Also the handle to carry the chest is crude and simple. </i></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPTxl6_4Cgu9C-YclvC5PavF8QGbbgOB0bAySFuQwU-jWyQ2LxX5TeP2UiapjEH3_ro186_YBK_4zNujU2tY0GJZosp128gx1NEY0AP33Q11PT-L3g19t5q6dY6d_l7YMxUwMQ8cSwodb2bIGDBD1LjiH1J4SK_LezMsFjK4wP785bEj7USXcWErsx1Zo/s1962/Mayer%20small%20chest%204.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1962" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPTxl6_4Cgu9C-YclvC5PavF8QGbbgOB0bAySFuQwU-jWyQ2LxX5TeP2UiapjEH3_ro186_YBK_4zNujU2tY0GJZosp128gx1NEY0AP33Q11PT-L3g19t5q6dY6d_l7YMxUwMQ8cSwodb2bIGDBD1LjiH1J4SK_LezMsFjK4wP785bEj7USXcWErsx1Zo/w400-h294/Mayer%20small%20chest%204.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><i>Side view of the chest. Note that the chests stands on 'Kufen' - a horizontal rail, commonly used in the German regions.</i></span></div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1329" data-original-width="2362" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxb7tk07fhfBbFpcTwFSI7362qjOQTxM0-GRXOpIvaBD2SEzy7VIoWSNYAyQUybPVAMGHJnF3poHaCeK8GN7H0R_8ktcGx-mLZsNrWfPIelPUpf71TF-HNTS1-cWRiNxdEa6D1VRuE92SBzHPXVYDmjq8siMhj34S5-0RWRmXQ6RwZ5pcXyBouseRNlSc/w640-h360/mayer%20kontoir.jpg" width="640" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>This is a bit strange piece of furniture. It looks like it has some kind of folding table top which can also be locked. There are no doors on the front or sides. Presumably this is a kind of writing table or 'kontoir'.</i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxb7tk07fhfBbFpcTwFSI7362qjOQTxM0-GRXOpIvaBD2SEzy7VIoWSNYAyQUybPVAMGHJnF3poHaCeK8GN7H0R_8ktcGx-mLZsNrWfPIelPUpf71TF-HNTS1-cWRiNxdEa6D1VRuE92SBzHPXVYDmjq8siMhj34S5-0RWRmXQ6RwZ5pcXyBouseRNlSc/s2362/mayer%20kontoir.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxb7tk07fhfBbFpcTwFSI7362qjOQTxM0-GRXOpIvaBD2SEzy7VIoWSNYAyQUybPVAMGHJnF3poHaCeK8GN7H0R_8ktcGx-mLZsNrWfPIelPUpf71TF-HNTS1-cWRiNxdEa6D1VRuE92SBzHPXVYDmjq8siMhj34S5-0RWRmXQ6RwZ5pcXyBouseRNlSc/s2362/mayer%20kontoir.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXLMozNYPuYVFo3U8sDZKMRKjHRjEoHX-Jlv-1hWG1a2P0zzwfCz_Wri2oA1JF-SH_RMGgB84zsA4BhE2ZowlekxZeTwlQ6BcpKl-6SLURLBDwsAeIJ8ldc_z_oVCr9UnU4JgIYJrsEvFyGWHHSqJoQi2Y7F_yV_TJ6RvUUMJnvEc6k4FHwHwTEqutUFs/s2362/mayer%20kontoir%202%20front.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1329" data-original-width="2362" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXLMozNYPuYVFo3U8sDZKMRKjHRjEoHX-Jlv-1hWG1a2P0zzwfCz_Wri2oA1JF-SH_RMGgB84zsA4BhE2ZowlekxZeTwlQ6BcpKl-6SLURLBDwsAeIJ8ldc_z_oVCr9UnU4JgIYJrsEvFyGWHHSqJoQi2Y7F_yV_TJ6RvUUMJnvEc6k4FHwHwTEqutUFs/w400-h225/mayer%20kontoir%202%20front.jpg" width="400" /></a></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>Detail of the front panel.</i></div></div></div>Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-67568142280016754112023-03-10T13:54:00.001+01:002023-03-10T13:54:59.178+01:00Updated medieval furniture books and articles page<p style="text-align: justify;">I have updated the sources page for books and articles on medieval furniture; in fact I created a new separate page for it. We have acquired quite some information over the years on medieval furniture, in such a way that the original list on the 'Sources - books' page more than quadrupled. The list has become quite long and is now ordered alphabetically on the first author name. Most of the items are in English, French or German language. A few are in Dutch, Italian, Spanish or Scandinavian language. Some of the books and articles have annotations on the contents. I hope this may be of help to you to see if a book or article is worth reading.</p><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;">One of our latest acquisitions is the book 'Corpus der Mittelalterlichen Holzskulptur und Tafelmalerei in Schleswig-Holstein - Band 4' by Uwe Albrecht (Ludwig Verlag, Kiel, Germany). I have included some furniture pieces from this book as an extra in this post.</p>
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</div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Side, front and bookshelf of a15th century oak lectern from the Pfarrkirche in Schobüll. The backside is connected by a mortise joint, while the front of the lectern is nailed. Green paint added in the 19th/20th century. Height 35 cm, width 33 cm, and depth 29 cm.</span></i></div><p></p>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Side and back view of a late 15th century lectern from the St. Nicolai church in Uelvesbüll where it resides on the altar. The lectern made from oak and painted in red, green and gilded parts. The construction is relatively simple with mortises, while the rail to hold the book is nailed. Height 26 cm, width 53.5 cm, depth 30 cm. Note that the horizontal rail has some V-cuts to provide light for the pattern.<br /></span></i></div>
<p></p><p>Note that many of the articles, and even some of the books, can be found on internet where they can be read and/or downloaded. The doi (digital object identifier) is a permanent link to such a source. </p>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Oak sacristy cabinet of around 1500 in the choir of the St. Andreas church in Haddeby (Hedeby). The outside was painted blue, but now mostly the black underpaint remains. The cabinet has two doors which are reinforced with iron strips, and stands on the socalled 'kufen' that protrude 14 cm from the wall. The inside of the cabinet has 4 parts, one of which can be locked separately. The upper door used to have two locks, the lower door one. The upper door is painted on the inside with an image of Christ in misery. The nails (of the iron strips) are bent on the inside of the door and hammered back. Although the cabinet now is fixed inside the wall, the presence of the kufen indicates that it used to be a free-standing armoire. Height 225 cm, width 95 cm, depth 50 cm.</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span><br /></i></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Oak sacristy armoire in the choir of the St. Clemens church in Nebel auf Amrum. The armoire likely dates from 1486. Height 176 cm, width 88 cm, depth 51 cm. Upper door 62 cm height, 47.5 cm width; lower door 88 cm height, 47.5 cm width. Back, side and front parts made from vertical boards, connected with dowels. Thickness of the boards is 3.5 cm. The armoire has two doors, each with one lock. Behind the upper door another iron grilled door with lock exists. The lower part has 2 shelves, the upper part none. The iron bands are painted black, the wood on the outside blue. The inside of the doors are painted with a Christ in misery (above) and a resting Christ (below).</span></i><br /></div><br />Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-37607399795392699902023-03-01T22:38:00.001+01:002023-03-01T22:38:00.162+01:00Alquerque de doze<div class="separator"><p style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Alquerque_in_Libro_de_los_juegos.jpg" height="450" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Alquerque_in_Libro_de_los_juegos.jpg" width="640" />The setup of a game of alquerque in the Libro de los juegos of Alfonso X the wise (1283), folio f91 verso. It is difficult to distinguish the two colours of the gaming pieces here, but the orientation shows which belong to which side.</i></span><br /></p></div><p style="text-align: justify;">Alquerque de doze (also known by the Arab name Qirkat) is a strategy board game that is thought to have originated in the Middle East. It is generally considered to be the parent of draughts, having some similar movement of the tablemen. Many medieval alquerque game boards have been found in Europe, carved as graffiti in stones of churches, cloisters, cathedral, castles, etc. in Spain, Italy, France, England, Scotland, Switzerland. so far none has been found in the Netherlands. Some wooden boards were found in Greifswald and Lübeck in Germany. The game was popular from 1200 to 1500.<br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;">The game first appears in literature late in the 10th century when Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani mentioned Qirkat in his 24-volume work Kitab al-Aghani ("Book of Songs"). This work, however, made no mention of the rules of the game. Presumably when the Moors invaded Spain they took El-quirkat with them. Rules for the game were first described in the Libro de los Juegos commissioned by Alfonso X of Castile in the 13th century (Translation by Sonja Musser): <br /></p><p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>'And we will begin first with twelve man’s morris because it is larger and it is played with more</i></div><i><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>pieces. And we will tell in how many ways it is played, with how many pieces, and why it has in</i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>it part of chess, tables, and dice. Chess has a part in it because it is played by intelligence and so is</i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>mill. The pieces with which it is played resemble the pawns of chess. And it has some of tables</i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>because of the tie which ties the game in the same way and because of the lines on which the</i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>pieces are played. And it has part of dice in it due to luck, because as with the rolls of the dice</i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>that are luck so in mill players roll to decide who plays first.</i></div></i><p></p><p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>And it is played in this manner: on the millboard there are to be twenty-five places where the</i></div><i><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>pieces can be placed and there are to be twenty-four pieces. And they put twelve of one colour on</i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>one side and the other twelve on the other in a troop formation. And one place remains in the</i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>centre to allow play. And the one who plays first has a disadvantage because he is forced to play</i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>in that empty space.</i></div></i><p></p><p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>And the other player moves his piece to the space the first left empty and captures the one that</i></div><i><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>was first to move. That player captures the second player’s piece by jumping over it from one</i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>space to another according to the straight lines on the board, and over as many pieces as he</i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>should jump in this manner he will capture them all. And the other player does likewise.</i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>And the one that plays first always moves first trying to capture some piece from the other side.</i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>And the other player guards himself well from attack because of and by understanding the move</i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>that he wants to make so that he guards that piece of his best. And the other does the same thing</i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>that his opponent plans to do to him and therefore he is at a disadvantage, the one who plays</i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>first.</i></div></i><p></p><p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>And the one who guards his pieces worse and loses them more quickly, loses. And if both</i></div><i><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>players know how to play it, they can both tie the game. And this is the mill, the pieces, and</i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>how they are placed in their spaces.'</i></div></i><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgQk81VDuCGP4X4TtcOLfky422OJbDbsAF0Kf817PXUcBi1cbOanEncnQ2cm50CyMSqn7ueGF5qNMQHVw307qG1lYZ8oWB-I70qJ7eN3BG_xwjSu2b6BixHFs4Z5g05txl7bkRQBXfGj_TxOfe_rExmAP-G3TOCm-fDqQtXL_A0uXEcRr9SnPNLdl61=s756" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="377" data-original-width="756" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgQk81VDuCGP4X4TtcOLfky422OJbDbsAF0Kf817PXUcBi1cbOanEncnQ2cm50CyMSqn7ueGF5qNMQHVw307qG1lYZ8oWB-I70qJ7eN3BG_xwjSu2b6BixHFs4Z5g05txl7bkRQBXfGj_TxOfe_rExmAP-G3TOCm-fDqQtXL_A0uXEcRr9SnPNLdl61=w640-h320" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Miniature from the 14th century showing that Alquerque is still a popular game. 'The Romance of Alexander, folio 76v, Bodleian MS 264, Bodleian Library, Oxford, UK dated 1338-1344.</span></i></div>
<h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000;">Playing the game</span><br /></h1>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The game falls in the family of morris games in which the movement is connected by lines. The game is easy to learn and play (with children), and takes approximately 10-15 minutes from start to finish. Yet the game is not boring, like 3 men morris.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Starting situation of alquerque.</i></span><br /></div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Before starting, each player places their twelve pieces in the two rows closest to them and in the two rightmost spaces in the centre row. The game is played in turns, with one player taking white and the other black.<br /></div><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>First (white moves to the empty middle space) and second move (red jumps over white and captures white stone) of the game. First board of Aisling 1196, second board Thomasguild.</i></span><br /></div><div><br /><ul style="text-align: left;"><li> A piece can move from its point to any empty adjacent point that is connected by a line.</li><li> A piece can jump over an opposing piece and remove it from the game, if that opposing piece is adjacent and the point beyond it is empty.</li><li> Multiple capturing jumps are permitted, and indeed compulsory if possible.</li><li> If a capture is possible it must be made, or else the piece is removed (or huffed). (huffing is mentioned in some rulebooks)<br /></li></ul>
<p>The goal of the game is to eliminate the opponent's pieces.<br />
Although not explicitly mentioned:<br /></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li> No piece can return to a point it has previously occupied during their next turn. This avoids a never ending game.<br /></li></ul><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>End end situation: by moving one down the middle white stone forces red to capture it, thereby placing itself in front of another white stone. In the next move white captures red, and wins the game.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span><br /></div></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"> <img alt="http://www.aisling-1198.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/jeux-falaise-aisling-09-7_1.jpg" src="http://www.aisling-1198.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/jeux-falaise-aisling-09-7_1.jpg" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Gaming board carved on a stone window seat in Castle Falaise, France.</span></i></div>
<h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000;">Making the alquerque set</span></h1>
<p>This time, making the board and making the game pieces are not connected as they will become two separate alquerque sets. While the board was a few years earlier made and stayed at home, the bone game pieces were a gift to Sylvestre Jonquay of the French re-enactment group Aisling 1198, who specialises in medieval board games.<br /></p>
<h2>Making the board</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The board for alquerque was made in a similar way to that of our other chess board games shown before (byzantine chess, grande acredex, oblong chess, and medieval chess. A poplar board was carved with the lines for the alquerque game. The sides of the board were made of strips of walnut glued to the edge of the poplar. The board was finished with a linseed oil coating. This alquerque board we usually play with red and grey-blue opaque glass stones.</p>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The alquerque board.</i></span><br /></div>
<h2>Making historical game pieces for alquerque</h2>
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<div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The five antler anthropomorphic chess pawns/knights found at Chateau Mayenne. They have a bit oval shape, thus two sizes for width are given. [1] Height: 46.9 mm, Width: 18.9/18.5 mm; [2] Height: 36.9 mm, Width: 19.3/16.9 mm; [3] Height: 41.3 mm, Width: 22.4/18.9 mm; [4] Height: 47.2 mm, Width: 20.9/18.6 mm; [5] Height: 46.6 mm, Width: 21.7/15.8 mm. </i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">As already mentioned in the book of Alphonso the Wise, alquerque game pieces resemble the pawns of chess (although for play anything can be used). This can also be seen in the miniature of the game. A very nice set of chess pawns made from antler was excavated at Chateau Mayenne in France, and I decided to model the medieval alquerque pieces after them.</div><br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">Actually many game pieces, among them other chess pieces, were found in this castle, as well as blocks of raw material (precut antler). Of these 'pawns' there were five, one of them unfinished. Personally, I think these 'pawns' more resemble knights, suggested by both the size of the game pieces and their similarity to other medieval chess knights from bone and antler. The fifth one probably was a failure and therefore unfinished, or it belonged to a next chess set to be made. The fact that also raw material was found indicates the presence of a workshop, dedicated to making game pieces. The deer hunt was a business strictly for the nobility, who lived inside castles. The ready availability of antler together with an antler workshop in Chateau Mayenne would not be coincidental.</div><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The real pawns of Mayenne and the raw building blocks found at Chateau Mayenne, France. Images scanned from 'Echec et TricTrac - fabrication et usages des jeux de tables au moyes âge', Editions Errance, France, 2012. </i></span><br /></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1666" data-original-width="2507" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1E__DaNP74Q7cXEbIUv8y2yRsXS469M0yThATWDkazjBLg-iRSLFn5MueLe_cnHC13ehB3wb24k4v5ndNqzGbpyjQnV5FXXDXsIkmG7o211BuguohbMjHc_7WgjfHc6u9WoNqK5t9nOw5mxnbTvYF0QCgxIy_819tE4f5EomWeXoFI7MnjC3rsmg1/s320/antler%20pieces.jpg" /></a>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: the two deer antler sets. Right: two finished game pieces and antler cuts for nine other game pieces. </i></span></div> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">As the Mayenne pawns have a relatively small diametre, only the parts near the points of the antler could be used. I received two complete antler sets from 'Het Woud der Verwachting', another Dutch late medieval re-enactment group in return for making the <a href="https://thomasguild.blogspot.com/2020/05/vatican-courier-chess-part-1-chess.html">Vatican Courier chess </a>set for them. The two red deer were shot quite a while ago in Scotland, the heads returned as a trophy. Now they would serve as material for the game pieces.</div><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The stationary belt sander (face mask and dust extractor necessary!).</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">First, 24 (and a few extra spares) roughly 6 cm long parts of the antler were cut using a diamond cutting disc on an angle grinder. Then the parts were rounded and smoothed using a stationary belt sander with a 80 grid sanding belt. This was followed by a second smoothing round with a 150 grit sanding belt.</div><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: The Dremel bits used for shaping the game pieces. Right: the basic shape of the head, the line for the 'helmet' and the two bottom rings were cut first using a thin cutting disc for the Dremel.</i></span></div><br />
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1666" data-original-width="2507" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2u2IpDrkTxOsCrkLJGcZjokqdHWPecq0_R2OzoOdPtqAGk-Du-tNS5YhEqK6UNziBbFCu9EJLD64weKXvsCreyv4zc5QWi6NEd8UnqVMUXdZW_yw5S2H1b4E5wfNotGPK-gtH0ygTfIW9Byjmr1fKV5hzAVs7HF4hZNcvwAvppGKMqEvIHPNSh1T6/s320/cutting_the-rings.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: Then the area marked red (by photoshop) were gradually removed using the drum sander bit. The small drum sander was better near the edges. Right: The remaining rings were cut with the cutting disc. Note that the right game piece will get a different carved structure - less rings.</i></span><br /></div><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The face is drawn with a pencil.</i></span></div><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Shaping the nose with a diamond-coated router bit.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">Then the outline of the face of the tablemen was marked with a pencil, and the surrounding material removed with a small drumsander on a Dremel rotary tool. Then the outline of the other lines was marked with the pencil. Lines were deepened with a cutting wheel on the Dremel and widened using an oval-shaped diamond router bit. The eye-sockets and the nose were carved with a diamond drum-shaped router bit. Finally the eyes were drilled by hand using a special ring and dot drill bit (see 'making the pips/eyes' in <a href="https://thomasguild.blogspot.com/2017/12/medieval-chess-pieces-made-from-antler.html">this blogpost on the Noyon chess </a>set). The game pieces were given some final sanding by hand with a 325 and 400 grit sandpaper.</div><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: All the carved alquerque game pieces on the board. Right: Front and back of a game piece. Note that there are still some pencil markings left. These will be erased with a pencil eraser and sandpaper.</i></span></div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Now half of the alquerque set of game pieces would remain a natural
bone/antler colour, the other half was coloured using madder (see the
blogposts <a href="https://thomasguild.blogspot.com/2020/12/meddling-with-madder-part-1.html">Meddling with madder part 1</a> and <a href="https://thomasguild.blogspot.com/2021/02/meddling-with-madder-part-2.html">part 2</a>)
following the instructions of the medieval monk Theophilus in his book.
It happened that the madder test pieces were not exactly alike the game
pieces. The game pieces had some fluctuations in constituency of the
antler material, as well as some exposed more porose inside of the
antler kernel. This resulted in game pieces with shades between pink and
dark red. I decided to leave the game pieces in the madder solution for
a second period, resulting in more acceptable dark and darker red of
the game pieces.</div><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: Weighing the game pieces: 177 gram. Right: pre-soaking the gamepieces.</i></span></div><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The wet madder-coloured game pieces (alternated with the white opposing pieces).</i></span></div><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Four game pieces with walnut oil coating.</i></span></div><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The gift box, containing one reserve game piece of each side and an exact replica of a rectangular die found at Chateau Mayenne, France. </i></span></div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">After drying for several days, all game pieces were polished and then coated with walnut oil as Theophilus also recommended for bone and antler. Drying of the oil on the game pieces took several weeks.</div><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Game play with the alquerque set with Sylvestre </i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> of the Aisling 1198 </i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>re-enactment group</i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>and at Chateau Caen in 2021. </i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Sources used:</b></span>
</div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Alphonso X the Wise, 1283. Libro de los Juegos. Translation into English by S. Musser.</li>
<li>Grandet, M. and Goret, J.F., 2012. Echec et TricTrac - fabrication et usages des jeux de tables au moyes âge', Editions Errance, Paris, France. ISBN 978-2-87772-503-3.</li>
<li>Müller, F. and Jonquai, S., 2016. Les jeux au moyen age. 2nd edition. Edition La Muse, ISBN 978-2-9553607-5-0 . </li>
<li>Murray, H.R.J., 1952. A history of board games other than chess. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.</li><li>Walker, D., 2011. Alquerque. Available at: <a href="http://www.cyningstan.com/data-download/19/alquerque-leaflet">http://www.cyningstan.com/data-download/19/alquerque-leaflet</a>. <br /></li></ul></span></div>
Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-75429694809946763872023-02-16T23:12:00.001+01:002023-02-16T23:12:00.164+01:00The Tresoor of Castle Hernen (Part 6): The Front Panel Door<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYFGHRSXLPwc4e7boW8Q6--8ZwUjTCbmfRVu_mvDP-aR0H7p_k6gKI-Lpogu5PM2tFtRVz-FTVCArtsudv2Ph1ilAHUR450T5h6uHWmj2GQi2qM663S0HC_FEOcL1mIwyCOP5ssQUqd9Y6YFYf7bZ32KQi6p8kUl49-JiwKiuOYDedclyv_m3q1g9Z/s1417/0107-langeais-dressoir-1-door.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="942" data-original-width="1417" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYFGHRSXLPwc4e7boW8Q6--8ZwUjTCbmfRVu_mvDP-aR0H7p_k6gKI-Lpogu5PM2tFtRVz-FTVCArtsudv2Ph1ilAHUR450T5h6uHWmj2GQi2qM663S0HC_FEOcL1mIwyCOP5ssQUqd9Y6YFYf7bZ32KQi6p8kUl49-JiwKiuOYDedclyv_m3q1g9Z/w439-h292/0107-langeais-dressoir-1-door.jpg" width="439" /></a></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The door of the tresoor of chateau Langeais. A similar layout, but with different scenes was used for the front panel of the tresoor of castle Hernen.</i></span><br /></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The door consists of a 3-D carving, something which I had not done before and therefore was quite a challenge. We planned to make the topic of the door especially suited for Castle Hernen and the intended time period. The owner of the castle, Het Geldersch Landschap en Kastelen, likes to express the early renaissance period when Reyner van Wijhe was the owner (around 1514). This is still a suitable period for us to make late medieval furniture, as the tresoor was still in fashion at that time. </p>
<div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin0Svph9QvMYQnyCF3gwiRcu-OeJxHWjtB1QfdzhJaBJICv5iTeukaKV7IO3cd5choZREFXtMHb5PhidrnhYwcDzDJ4SHm37e83QsC7cZ0N_AjJ8uXzc280IHrpx_YE8qCmGFFJE14p5sGpckoF3fhMp4yqOThbfxVCrVRfKUg78s-FDORUocRlQuT/s1473/BK-NM-2539-B-vookant.jpg"><img border="0" data-original-height="1443" data-original-width="1473" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin0Svph9QvMYQnyCF3gwiRcu-OeJxHWjtB1QfdzhJaBJICv5iTeukaKV7IO3cd5choZREFXtMHb5PhidrnhYwcDzDJ4SHm37e83QsC7cZ0N_AjJ8uXzc280IHrpx_YE8qCmGFFJE14p5sGpckoF3fhMp4yqOThbfxVCrVRfKUg78s-FDORUocRlQuT/w159-h156/BK-NM-2539-B-vookant.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirJ5dhEsiWCplsILEojyr5SJG2bzSwllaF3HqlJhA-Szj7grVtJed6ZDhACRcROZq72k_WZNweK3a0f1ypFkWh_CtiDaGWmTlAe4AFvY7aQmGNCZWd3uSnkkEqfFkKj2gqyHSwc3qLKPh9PaA7Dqh-lEV6Jny54rhQEn6EU5VGJFdY9XvH_-tBjki5/s1965/BK-NM-10752-B-voorkant.jpg"><img border="0" data-original-height="1965" data-original-width="1575" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirJ5dhEsiWCplsILEojyr5SJG2bzSwllaF3HqlJhA-Szj7grVtJed6ZDhACRcROZq72k_WZNweK3a0f1ypFkWh_CtiDaGWmTlAe4AFvY7aQmGNCZWd3uSnkkEqfFkKj2gqyHSwc3qLKPh9PaA7Dqh-lEV6Jny54rhQEn6EU5VGJFdY9XvH_-tBjki5/w152-h190/BK-NM-10752-B-voorkant.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0ybte5bZBy-k_qFoy0RmKQ6UzdPiDR63Sgp_oKijseUzOdx9EMyrVQs0Yp4UZqruLCbnmPy-eu-n8_W17P0QMDws8xB7E8sNZLc0EY_1_CMdbUzV8FbGXM6DA4XgWabShWfVECzFfYq9wp4OkasdvssBljOLrruBfAN090XQDyTzcEjh40xh_dzy7/s1760/BK-NM-2539-A-voorkant.jpg"><img border="0" data-original-height="1760" data-original-width="1549" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0ybte5bZBy-k_qFoy0RmKQ6UzdPiDR63Sgp_oKijseUzOdx9EMyrVQs0Yp4UZqruLCbnmPy-eu-n8_W17P0QMDws8xB7E8sNZLc0EY_1_CMdbUzV8FbGXM6DA4XgWabShWfVECzFfYq9wp4OkasdvssBljOLrruBfAN090XQDyTzcEjh40xh_dzy7/w174-h198/BK-NM-2539-A-voorkant.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwDTOklxoX5cKxmkIFCO1GHBgxPPcgvh7ZxadAjKHsR8hMF4zI95uvLkmkiRnp2o-JmeN-FPQzJs6S0VQklEm4Pgpt8CEDd3u4rkMIhfmYFdokLNgEpTCtPkte0xcY5dwyWqVTZZSf2nv2dBOXIuNKl9V2vhybdw0d66UUPDHD8J2Uw2E9GYzbuBdt/s1575/BK-KOG-605-A-voorkant.jpg"><img border="0" data-original-height="1517" data-original-width="1575" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwDTOklxoX5cKxmkIFCO1GHBgxPPcgvh7ZxadAjKHsR8hMF4zI95uvLkmkiRnp2o-JmeN-FPQzJs6S0VQklEm4Pgpt8CEDd3u4rkMIhfmYFdokLNgEpTCtPkte0xcY5dwyWqVTZZSf2nv2dBOXIuNKl9V2vhybdw0d66UUPDHD8J2Uw2E9GYzbuBdt/w145-h140/BK-KOG-605-A-voorkant.jpg" />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Some carved doors of medieval dressoirs from the collection of the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. </i></span><br /></div><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg07uFJCEjF0FJxpqZsyBuYhRBHslXemYMXNcC5pCT-hIGQgyif_p7HF8j6eyxQq_U-1OCCsQHU6Rsed7WxonCpycv3yNytt5zc-NvRc1RfzfbBGiXRla2FJApMNeC87sD1TqKI6q2jckQH0E1Oz-LV0D9R2OX5rTEv2Y7MMuJH_0KLb4WK1vvNfVNn/s6016/gevelsteen%203.JPG"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="6016" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg07uFJCEjF0FJxpqZsyBuYhRBHslXemYMXNcC5pCT-hIGQgyif_p7HF8j6eyxQq_U-1OCCsQHU6Rsed7WxonCpycv3yNytt5zc-NvRc1RfzfbBGiXRla2FJApMNeC87sD1TqKI6q2jckQH0E1Oz-LV0D9R2OX5rTEv2Y7MMuJH_0KLb4WK1vvNfVNn/s320/gevelsteen%203.JPG" /></a>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="6016" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSshuxLuP6qxqDjpfdGEh-784ezse5tCvli4-PCt65C5dg55zwLe1q7yLHSVsKR7XdKjJu5AGsb1Oj-nhwRJkY9-P3RSvwbfOyFxhumq_cMtK7zv4lyckY75SHNV1hjhJnufYwhaesf6_iCjojZKAgmt5G9AaaPR4zmZQKBQjAJ_nvrC9MvlksgkKm/s320/gevelsteen%201.JPG" /></a>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: The replica sandstone plate above the entrance of Castle Hernen. Right: The original sandstone plate with the heraldic arms of Reyner van Wijhe and his wife in the hall of Castle Hernen. </i></span><br /></div><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<img border="0" data-original-height="908" data-original-width="1892" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyoFxlWGUs2uK2wgaCvHxGyn887LojOd1nn6mzSSecZ81kPsXQpI8tndxQ2xyKa4ZKhSwF7GJ2U3uoifpQktuzSy66mhfyQoMlCNC-sMAubbU63eATMbfSPWbIC-e8UMTGQrN_Hk22ZRCbGMOvWoCwyiTLuEQifokpop1-UTlWDJuot4pVir4on_4j/w483-h232/gevelsteen.jpg" width="483" /> </a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Detail of the heraldic arms: Left - the red half a lion rampant on a silver shield of Reyner van Wijhe, Right - the black bat on a silver shield of Margreta Van Eegeren.</i></span><br /></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Reyner van Wijhe and his wife did place a sandstone carving with their heraldic shields above the entranceway of the castle. Today, the original worn sandstone (coloured) placate can be seen in the old hall of the castle, while a reconstructed one currently presides above the entrance. There was space for both the coat of arms of Reyner (half a lion rampant) and his wife (a bat) above and below the lock plate. We thought it would be more gender friendly if the coat of arms of the wife was place above that of the husband.</p>
<div style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Foto" src="http://www.hetwoudderverwachting.nl/uploads/2/4/2/5/24253901/sint-joris-en-de-draak-geldern-coll-stadt-geldern-7_1_orig.jpg" style="max-width: 100%; width: auto;" /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The killing of the dragon of Geldern by Wichard and Lupold. Painting in the townhall of Geldern, Germany.</i></span></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The main part contains a scene from the legend of origin of the duchy of Guelders. This legend tells of a fire-breathing dragon that lived near the German city Geldern. The dragon was found under a medlar tree, by two local noblemen Wichard and Lupold of Pont (though some sources mention only one) and slain by them around the year 878. With his last breath the dragon cried 'Gelre!!!!' which then became the name of the city and duchy. Later dukes of Gelre - Like Karel van Gelre - added this legend to their lineage to prove their right to rule the duchy.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: A fire-breathing dragon on a panel from Château Chambord, France.
The F with the crown on the panel stands for King Francois I. Right: a
traditional dragon slaying panel with Saint George or Michael putting a
lance through the dragons mouth. The dragon is small compared to the
armoured saint.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The battle of Caen (1346) from the Froissart's Chronicle of Louis Gruuthuuse, MS Fr. 2643, Folio 97 verso, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris, France. Dated around 1470.</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></i><br /></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>This soldier from the Froissart Chronicles served as example for the dragon killing 'Wichard of Pont'. The poor soldier was transformed, distorted and stretched as well as horizontally rotated using Photoshop.</i></span><br /></div>
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<p style="text-align: justify;">The scene thereby consist of a fire-breathing dragon, with one of the brothers that is killing it. Below are the three red roses of Guelders. These are also connected to the legend, as they were originally white medlar flowers (of the tree), that were coloured red by the dragon blood. On top of the scene is the crown of the duke, showing he is the ruler of the duchy.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Two ducal crowns of Guelders: one from the armorial of Guelders (1396) by Claes Heinenzoon (left), Heraldic shield of Adolf van Egmont (1438 - 1477), with the chain of the order of the Golden Fleece.</i></span><br /></div>
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<div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">We first thought this was a nice way to connect the castle, the owner Reyner, the GLK and the current province of Guelders together. Then it happened that Reyner was appointed as mayor of Nimweghen and owner of the castle by the rival duchy of Burgundy! A few years later the people of Nimweghen revolted and threw the Burgundians out. Now the scene could also be seen with different eyes. The Thomasguild is, of course, a pro-Guelders guild and insinuated by the scene that the mayor was actually a supporter of the duke of Guelders, instead of the duke of Burgundy.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgul-pi26VcBe-mteS9W_s751pXImXnBU94y3qizsLy2oWatgPhJ21pnqWsDAxwnL6JFFFc_TaQy8etihxSdQyGae-s2q-o2dnEwmQLgZQarSuYfKhOabCciloVzfv_5qFb_e9svJ9nGd9qhiaCGi1yvZQ9Z39oPOEfyI4qrdDlWDx91OHL2d6J0Ytk/s1616/tekening%20deur.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1588" data-original-width="1616" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgul-pi26VcBe-mteS9W_s751pXImXnBU94y3qizsLy2oWatgPhJ21pnqWsDAxwnL6JFFFc_TaQy8etihxSdQyGae-s2q-o2dnEwmQLgZQarSuYfKhOabCciloVzfv_5qFb_e9svJ9nGd9qhiaCGi1yvZQ9Z39oPOEfyI4qrdDlWDx91OHL2d6J0Ytk/s320/tekening%20deur.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Pre-design of the tresoor door with alternative hinges. </i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The main part is intentionally left vague, as we did not have an idea at that time (2019).</i></span><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #990000;">Making the door of the tresoor<br /></span></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The door of the tresoor measures 40 by 40 cm with a thickness of 3.5 cm, and this was too large to be found as one piece of wood. Hence the front panel was glued together from two oak boards using hide glue. It has two double dovetails inserted at the backside to firmly fix both parts together. The front side is later fixed by the iron hinges.</p>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: The two door boards ready for glueing. Right: the backside with the two double-sided dovetails.</i></span></div> <br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The boards of the door glued together and clamped.</i></span></div><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: The doublesided dovetails were around 8 mm thick and fitted very tightly. Right: the dovetail is glued and pressed into its slot with a clamp. Afterwards the dovetail was planed flat with the door.</i></span></div><br />
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #990000;">Carving Wichard and the dragon</span></h2>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: The first drawing of Wichard and the dragon on the oak door. Middle: the design for Wichard and the dragon. Right: The final drawing on the oak door.</i></span></div><br />
<p style="text-align: justify;">The design was drawn onto the oak. Then, starting from the sides carving was started by hand, slowly deepening the relief and adding more detail. Mostly small sized chisels (3, 4 and 6 mm), a variety of small fishtail and normal gouges, and carving knives were used. In the photos below the progress of carving is shown.</p>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Some details of the carving. Left: The dragon beak with teeth. Right: The fingers holding the gleve.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span><br /></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2006" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJF6RLaMeFeeApMY8mkJo3MAqFPOIuRZe9JTwGW7tv0Opeq2KgwHS--FBPbnPWumaj97v7OZDNumDyJVsQT2BRFYRX0YUjGFyvq31tBMrSzOfY6ebdkIiBaTxyLySrnxCdqkaRejz2g9f3NwxHqRjLqfbtKt6uppX3xbdNfza_skY7N8ij4WeT3J0Z/s320/outside-2.jpg" /></a>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1666" data-original-width="2507" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcjEveeXmFhwb3rRnQM3G_CkQrU-rdu_aPQILHoJoj_mHptRPyAwMsIhNMWmYANuAcqbogM3Yk-JpBF5UwRfYzzTex0aaC_T7u2yTSy1s7PMtX5W_TKDE18NLYVBBKq4hzwVERQYjIK-7fz6X73uagHNSgNWg9kSDHBKzL9eTvQU-VP9PYsGOSe-oM/s320/outside-3.jpg" /></a>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Carving the border details.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span><br /></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="3402" data-original-width="2268" height="515" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkWOiXWl_XhkCOBcUxotdnaHbchMY447urrIbvz9WPoXQxXgDyj3cxCdHhWATQTlKweGKj04yyJRKsIyK4lWXkJehW6PqdzMX7Pn5NVSRjJ6_NKNRXp_w8rzM8eZ3F7mJjDDAVKwusU5LZIVATISIZn2hG-JVN5vkqfypeZ-bZfkh1s4Y9F3seQfna/w343-h515/dragon-oiled.jpg" width="343" /></a>
</div><br /><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #990000;">Carving the heraldic lion and bat</span></h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black;">Also here do the photos below show the carving process of the bat and the lion.</span></div><br/>
<h3><i>The bat</i></h3><br/\>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="424" data-original-width="430" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpHjG0CmaGlUd-W4MK1iWXaX5htekkCWJTQzqv7SJv1Hq8BpsmmUtiLFcagmYqF9vi6QR1FpcGFmULbsgCF94xthDu3wGkiyGnsPBfNwgoWTkkQmPJNcg29HvAgPsf3P5IkBWp9ot1H6aKTC4_VzZEuB-xLsk3C_TNUqRhMEXyr4MzM_Qf4rIZpS34/s320/bat%200.jpg" /></a>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="996" data-original-width="976" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHkqU_jdBdTiuzn2bHExu_x4xlejLNZPpcZS2fWAplt3fFqIoVEK2MSfEj9KAVvsp5uATnXa3SNyhkiRzjbDWpHd4bqOmU77KxA1IlQijCZ9A3daLInStpI5Lt4oC7s1zRK_CBQUp6rdXWbZ4LFnrzRpESjwT9MVCq5WKwfsMg5VxjYbeKRMI6-AwT/s320/bat-11.jpg" /></a>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="2154" data-original-width="2142" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgssXfQaQqMuUx8D9dRJfphp2LPINhz8Hfk01JJwDojB2pChqGQM5P9BbeBMDOdE4Q7GOpRWcDui55OVzcPGshWgxxjDuzCxIU038ZtJXVb3GsuBs38vJEonASJbPdBvEH-t6FylJJN5nyqvsjZqh6nxR-sfKtNhT1mBd4OhAScLYTjnUzPnGTiQrVi/s320/bat-1.jpg" /></a>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="2130" data-original-width="2160" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXcNY8S4T5w4B7nq-z1k3cCUPm9vjujctgtexLU6PZypCr5IxZUyOqp7A5gtS0RKGdt29Vkdg1A0KDosH_bwWyyudxsZf6V1N5SEQ1_2Ch9PoVPiZi_NVkVpiyzRIf6A8vKrSL3lS7X3HhLqUR68XCSVjJP_7W9f4DkSbEvfPlOl_HKclbYttEiPrD/s320/bat-2.jpg" /></a>
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<h3><i>The lion</i></h3>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="460" data-original-width="496" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXsBa1GMWSMhAyhZEgeJ7s2zuu9RHkKQNlU_JZErYc-fCdPcbhi1i7lglD5vgyiZBi7yZ9EayKtpA8GlkDAoEdE-DLVlxdE9TrPiSNj1kZDkLuCC3oB7A7cpuDfFY9M0wbLLKldAVZQzRbKB-IYLmkoVefi9UY0mx-OPu3HLJHdw0tuKytoYCanh8C/s320/lion%200.jpg" /></a>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1662" data-original-width="1854" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqj-uY1bOsjn9Y5_umfMVKPacYBLbVrdTs6NYyeX-VjpDdBfh57SBO6fU1ZuVLnq7YQlcpptTZd_uAdjVvAqJYQTWgKJWspY6jhqTSP7SSXZblxk7bzOZh55w_vwy8rdz8WBTIvhCUBgM661KAeL26xcjDyGH5CUrbG9irX0y3tptD8jTt4JKEh7hn/s320/lion-2.jpg" /></a>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="2388" data-original-width="2268" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWfOtVA72yrlyVEgfu62j97loCRC4pHFPEBXx5RubcWgfDuHwBnjOIAKXGEmJ10RBvgPaFiVFSidxj9pA1FRR4i-ZOoS8kE3ZsHIhE2Avm-Lzkb4eOQ4Xa_FwSfK8xQBsX8B786EJhRrNGBp8ygjetmCk9CYItygbGQXpf8O6S0bFV5xuekuc3F6j5/s320/lion-3.jpg" /></a>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="2400" data-original-width="2268" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4yod76boyKwvuQvja-CDYENSxc4PmpzrCaEcgMWRa4lZj2SGKffzVbX4Ks3HqobSPJF5sxQLyz1pcJ_6ijlEcdG2xHQ28zhaNZNfJLXtShC9nZVp_2IY50mstM1SITGbtSCOTezY3phqQIQk4DNkuoklmT9mNx-3XeGs6h3pymlqe99eZLKf7t3P3/s320/lion-4.jpg" /></a>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="730" data-original-width="736" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCV6Z4TOdUxK70QSMlLwnOgY5TBtWfDhYashEAcxT43ConeAsHBo-3fxkiO9pp3fJpLwbxTUfcHwdyXwgfXxqu732fPAT_5XBaACB6buwftzaVBJJlgDGeXiT4txIAnbkd3P4ZSpYsplYxZJyD8zraY-7qYh80jfOeiMCL2U-nUBhr4OdhTXUagUKu/s320/lion%20oiled.jpg" /></a>
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<h2><span style="color: #990000;">Finishing the door<br /></span></h2>
After carving the flat areas of the door were sanded and the door was oiled with linseed oil. The attachment of the hinges and the lock will be dealt with in another blogpost.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhQFR4y9gIobq7ifZ1KhThNRK9rL1IO0b4vZdfSt-FqJTTnhqZ6hirPGtpQz9uCb179RGpD0vIwggvtGOAODOmzNttm5T6Kn8KsLGQSn7qhzPBkOlODwon9Q-ik_thtFrtxEhYa5JkiQYKQYl3UfiWYLTyQdXrsg1QZhS2oCC5hmfsgpgty3wINXXr/s6016/deur%20dressoir%20kasteel%20hernen.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="6016" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhQFR4y9gIobq7ifZ1KhThNRK9rL1IO0b4vZdfSt-FqJTTnhqZ6hirPGtpQz9uCb179RGpD0vIwggvtGOAODOmzNttm5T6Kn8KsLGQSn7qhzPBkOlODwon9Q-ik_thtFrtxEhYa5JkiQYKQYl3UfiWYLTyQdXrsg1QZhS2oCC5hmfsgpgty3wINXXr/w640-h426/deur%20dressoir%20kasteel%20hernen.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The finished carving of the door.</i></span><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip8_GEwedZjeGy7bluNoRu7WmT_OcQ2CKVSQyFNjLEptizlbtXhDXNWOR0x16shhdWoTdhR1lvMbnlu6MHkQEyozLApmqdYGtobnhPuQG1_Rw__YVBM52DDZkuDoS1u28WzMEhgeT1qud2klA-NCbxB1F-PePGq4kLwj3QVKFU35UkcFewHnGRCUuS/s6016/deurtje%20dressoir.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="6016" data-original-width="4000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip8_GEwedZjeGy7bluNoRu7WmT_OcQ2CKVSQyFNjLEptizlbtXhDXNWOR0x16shhdWoTdhR1lvMbnlu6MHkQEyozLApmqdYGtobnhPuQG1_Rw__YVBM52DDZkuDoS1u28WzMEhgeT1qud2klA-NCbxB1F-PePGq4kLwj3QVKFU35UkcFewHnGRCUuS/w426-h640/deurtje%20dressoir.JPG" width="426" /></a><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The door within the tresoor, but awaiting the hinges and lock.</i></span></div>Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-7853315580055541672023-02-02T20:44:00.001+01:002023-02-02T20:44:00.165+01:00The tresoor of Castle Hernen (Part 5) - The drawer<p style="text-align: justify;">This post continues the series on making a six-sided tresoor for castle Hernen. Previous posts concerned the large and small panels and the frame, this post will concentrate on the construction of the drawer. We had visited the Muiderslot some years ago to have a more detailed look on how a medieval drawer was constructed (see the post '<a href="https://thomasguild.blogspot.com/2019/03/a-medieval-drawer.html">A Medieval drawer</a>' of 1 March 2019). The drawer of the tresoor was made based on this construction.</p><p></p>
<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000;">Making the drawer</span><br /></h2>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The design of the drawn on the drawer front. </i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span><br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">The front panel was first carved like the middle small panels (see <a href="https://thomasguild.blogspot.com/2023/01/the-tresoor-of-castle-hernen-part-4.html">previous post</a>). Then two grooves were made on the backside using a router table - first with a straight router bit, followed by a dovetail router bit, so that two dovetail grooves appeared at the short sides of the (back of the) front panel. These were to connect the side boards of the drawer. Then a long groove was made at the bottom of the backside with a straight router bit; this groove was to fit in the bottom boards of the drawer.</div><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: the front singele sided dovetail of Muiderslot drawer; Right: the front double sided dovetail of the Hernen drawer. </i></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Note that the Muiderslot drawer has more wood sticking out than the Hernen drawer.</i></span><br /></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The back and the side boards were connected with one large dovetail, like the Muiderslot drawer. These were sawn and cut by hand. Also the long dovetail of the front was sawn and cut by hand with a chisel.</p>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: The large dovetail at the back of the Muiderslot drawer; Middle and Right: the large dovetail of the Hernen drawer.</i></span></div><div><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: The large dovetail at the back of the Muiderslot drawer; Middle and Right: the large dovetail of the Hernen drawer.</i></span></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;">For the bottom planks a few oaken panels of old furniture were reused. First they were made of the same thinness (around 5 mm), and fitted together with a V-groove. At the sides the bottom boards protruded a few cm. The parts that stuck out later will fit in the sliding rail of the drawer. The bottom rail was fixed with square pins to the sides of the drawer.</p>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: using a recycled thin oak board from a demolished piece of furniture as bottom for the drawer. Note the groove where the bottom board fit into the drawer front. Right: the V-groove connecting the bottom boards together.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Showing the bottom of the drawer from the inside and outside. Note that the bottom boards are wider that the drawer. </i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The extruding part is used in the sliding rail.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><br /></i><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Fixing the bottom of the drawer with square wooden pins.</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>View of the bottom with the pins after cleaning up. </i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i><br /></span></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="2268" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKGcRqdNGFlK-gROxpSyQ8uMKkQBiAAgoHs-_oMYCx7DgRPZyRqBzuciftF7xQ2LZg2wTZRwrmSrU82kFmdh4SX2xKL37S8fcsqHdQQGEhmsHKF71l4Yj8numf0G5-d5E2FlHn7eFX7ngewatQOE0qLQi_ZZRUnEyYLsWdKbgZhXZdgR1A2sdnlvcZ/s320/fixing-with-pins.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Also the dovetails at the back were fixed with wooden pins, just like the Muiderslot drawer (left).</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="3008" data-original-width="2000" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcRJmv3xpjQlvsqLcK3hHu-WX7bBSr2H5Sdf0rwg17k6ybjFpAfvrzIsKFgHL0T_EiJxbLeQX4LGhY-L-CAzzZzEFxNoj4CNEqh9MrW37kW-ZqDEvfQdWjb0FZIIlXKs1K8E6IFLkfMgKGRM7pzyvEr44dsvlQUYD_2tB4jEFA-RMxH3rbMt0PjGQ5/s320/laatje-onder.jpg" /></a>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The inside and the outside of the finished drawer seen from the back.</i></span></div><br />
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<img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="2268" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv6SceiD8mNPniSD_tY8AYgPXGpVi6B5Hvzq-9h1mZQmHz4wJRPj9IMAz1DXh9jq_6iw9e9foSDQSLUXFYT5qnsSlBDsVNTKNJRDQEcwPICcG1piDzdpggyCqHUkvu9m6hzMz5RZ0HF7L1P8byYtN_6XPiYlKdZIE8Aq0MTRJ9syEsGvX6UaNMWDvj/s320/oiled-drawer-top.jpg" /></a>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="2268" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2xUATtSjfhujtIjrlXW8v1-1SwcHoggWB_7W3ZppRF9lA_DZUfCOdiQCJAjBG1ib4sZT2zcdJBUrg6rxTBja1pZ1vwTBmjXx-LziwH-0zyZMTQip2sMo4V9DSuh2swtCD6H8URr0M-0NnhmjV3pOMlPD2ip6YKxXBUafCqNMClNPrXEcRjS525dO1/s320/oiled-drawer-back.jpg" /></a>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The inside and the outside of the finished drawer seen from the front.</i><br /></span></div>
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<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000;">Making the drawer rail</span></h2>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuKeQgUE0bTuZI4Cqrg0LX0zcePndOw_DNi_0HaJP0vAbr3qr57Nirh8L7QhdRo0agTmbgap5ezhYJDLq7r679_OtqjlUc_PuYa1dBblS9QujFXhSWOvLi49kem0x92PbJQ5cyuraW2Iz4vvi8jQb-0VF_kf7RvjnPipshvOAMWR-MhVlBZwSySy4b/s320/binnen-kast-3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="320" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuKeQgUE0bTuZI4Cqrg0LX0zcePndOw_DNi_0HaJP0vAbr3qr57Nirh8L7QhdRo0agTmbgap5ezhYJDLq7r679_OtqjlUc_PuYa1dBblS9QujFXhSWOvLi49kem0x92PbJQ5cyuraW2Iz4vvi8jQb-0VF_kf7RvjnPipshvOAMWR-MhVlBZwSySy4b/s1600/binnen-kast-3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> The drawer rail of the Muiderslot drawer.</i></span></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">The basic drawer rail is a square oaken rod, with a groove in it. The groove was made using the router table and a straight router bit. The next step was more difficult: First positioning the rails attached to the drawer on the backframe of the tresoor, so that the exact position of the rails on the backframe could be marked. Then a square pin was made at one the end of each rail, and two corresponding mortise in the backframe of the tresoor (one for each rail). </div><br />
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<img border="0" data-original-height="3008" data-original-width="2000" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQHzIyP6xG2fo7nVL_tl2gBhQrrhX1v66fc-PKuGtrstRL8F0hSCdD8hXKwtVQCSvZyTThUkkuG7dgbQxQrsTGdmRJWot5C_Z06ah-_RMZ5F3HNLNTJyXybiOVAkGBo_-n36i3A87xfTp2xGM3EbvsPgkgihoKj7VI4cE-ai4Y_P6-zdZ_AYkSStIl/s320/drawer-rail-testing.jpg" width="213" /></a>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span><i>The drawer hanging on two drawer rails seen on both sides. These drawer rails were attached to the back of the tresoor (you can see the linenfold panels). </i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i> </i><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Now the other side of the rails had to fit in the five-sided vertical front beam. This required that a part of the five sided beam had to be removed to fit a square rail. Also this side of the rails had a mortise and pin construction, so that the complete rail was fixed between the backframe and the front beams.<span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A bit of wax was added in the groove of the drawer rails to improve the sliding.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1464" height="466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb086MsFpfUYRd162-g2zVWi1YmEDk4OqWzG-ZJ1wRXfS7_sJTk3nRT9Ajw5KIq-P72texNRcWh9ritIlic_aH2owKH9-4Jcv_G-0B--MbYHm6zlMgySl_rUpKsekNTN6ZpeZGTEHBGjQf6kTRbkFNGYJUYoRBI3wR1UK2CRNV7b0r3TGrZJu0pV6y/w640-h466/finished-drawer-in.jpg" width="640" /></a>
<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The finished drawer closed in the tresoor.</span></i></div><br />
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<img border="0" data-original-height="780" data-original-width="1184" height="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWxE6O3Us4DAUqVvKphdvTh2xx29Ihpz2_MLO34KeF0exBRLIt4mv1vRihA9r-pTe5U78ZL2mu-f8Iy1n5n5wQNdHVZbg5-MG9aMlvwh32o4PVZqSeAVOU8zj-iXEzLVVkalI41c-JGFPix8UldtnaGhpeZM7VQyIA9ZWqOF7ND964CNlqyvan8sHi/w640-h422/finished-drawer.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The finished drawer open in the tresoor.</i></span></div><br />
</div></span></div></div>Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-81429777101864176792023-01-15T14:29:00.369+01:002023-01-15T16:59:39.984+01:00Getting the large photos from the Thomasguild blog - correcting a mistake<div><p style="text-align: justify;">All the time I thought I was posting medium to high resolution photos on my blog, but it appeared I have been wrong. <br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Yes, when writing a blogpost I added the high-resolution photo, but then I edited the html/xml code behind it, cleaning up the code and removing the unnecessary things. Some appeared to be not so unnecessary as I thought: the <span style="color: red;"><a href="............."> </a> </span>code surrounding the image <span style="color: red;"><img></span> code was the clickable link to the large picture. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">My sincere apologies to you who deserve the large images.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">However, the good thing is that the information to get the large images is still present in the blog. You only need to do something to get them. Below I explain how this works and give an example of how to do it. There were two clickable photos on the previous blog. This is one of them.
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsOg7NheCl8epLWnjWQP33kSXjfdtp69QP54HvLSZpIhCnPD7uSc9ewVwlCX8n1g2Fbl9B6l0gHqrrbXck7ox5uRu-s6EDbGxTP1wudoet3RNg_P3mFcAR8vtAc0-M82GZjH4J4iqHoj-0wkeK99zvJh2GIFzUYv3op9V5dVahsfwOxL983AFEMr2y/s2953/lade-front.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1661" data-original-width="2953" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsOg7NheCl8epLWnjWQP33kSXjfdtp69QP54HvLSZpIhCnPD7uSc9ewVwlCX8n1g2Fbl9B6l0gHqrrbXck7ox5uRu-s6EDbGxTP1wudoet3RNg_P3mFcAR8vtAc0-M82GZjH4J4iqHoj-0wkeK99zvJh2GIFzUYv3op9V5dVahsfwOxL983AFEMr2y/w640-h360/lade-front.jpg" width="640" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The design for the front panel of the drawer.</i></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;">When you look at the source-code of the blogpost. For your Firefox browser this is right -click with your mouse and choose (view) source code. You will then see something like this.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAxdsNzVyBGqcq-7BjalWRm-eCVIxgQjiQsxDb6IStmBeHabW5ZJ4QyRiqE4RjQIF1likXdSCx2b0utIReo5_vhUIdm0UAL0ougQmoMQZwqT8x2NoUHCABVY5sQ3cpAjnJbwO_Dno95CghGxtbIMs52tIgGdY1e6hSM2jdAfKL69YdIFS0_0yHl6gA/s1410/example%20source%20code.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="427" data-original-width="1410" height="194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAxdsNzVyBGqcq-7BjalWRm-eCVIxgQjiQsxDb6IStmBeHabW5ZJ4QyRiqE4RjQIF1likXdSCx2b0utIReo5_vhUIdm0UAL0ougQmoMQZwqT8x2NoUHCABVY5sQ3cpAjnJbwO_Dno95CghGxtbIMs52tIgGdY1e6hSM2jdAfKL69YdIFS0_0yHl6gA/w640-h194/example%20source%20code.gif" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">All the ones starting with <span style="color: #04ff00;"><img </span> are images. I there is also an <span style="color: red;"><a href= </span> and <span style="color: red;"></a></span> surrounding an <img ...> making it clickable. This is one of the images that you already could access. Below I have cut out the part containing the clickable image. </div><p></p><p><i><br /></i><span style="font-family: courier;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /><br /><<span style="color: red;">a href=</span>"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsOg7NheCl8epLWnjWQP33kSXjfdtp69QP54HvLSZpIhCnPD7uSc9ewVwlCX8n1g2Fbl9B6l0gHqrrbXck7ox5uRu-s6EDbGxTP1wudoet3RNg_P3mFcAR8vtAc0-M82GZjH4J4iqHoj-0wkeK99zvJh2GIFzUYv3op9V5dVahsfwOxL983AFEMr2y/<span style="color: #2b00fe;">s2953</span>/lade-front.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /> <<span style="color: #04ff00;">img </span>border="0" data-original-height="1661" <span style="color: #2b00fe;">data-original-width="2953" </span><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><span>height="360"</span></span> </span>src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsOg7NheCl8epLWnjWQP33kSXjfdtp69QP54HvLSZpIhCnPD7uSc9ewVwlCX8n1g2Fbl9B6l0gHqrrbXck7ox5uRu-s6EDbGxTP1wudoet3RNg_P3mFcAR8vtAc0-M82GZjH4J4iqHoj-0wkeK99zvJh2GIFzUYv3op9V5dVahsfwOxL983AFEMr2y/<span style="color: #2b00fe;">w640-h360</span>/lade-front.jpg" <span style="color: #b45f06;"><span>width="640"</span></span> />&nbsp;<span style="color: red;"></a></span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><b>The design for the front panel of the drawer.</b></i></span><br /></div><br /> </span><br /><br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;">If you compare both the image source of the small image (the src=https) with that of the large one (the a href=https), they are almost identical. The small one contains an indication of its current (small) size, e.g. the blue <span style="color: #2b00fe;">w640-h360</span> (see the orange <span style="color: #b45f06;"><span>height of 360</span></span> and <span style="color: #b45f06;"><span>width of 640</span></span> in the code), while the large one carries the original width (the blue <span style="color: #2b00fe;">s2953</span> . So all we have to do is swap the part of the small size with that of the original size. And luckily for us the original width is also given in the <span style="color: #04ff00;"><img </span>as <span style="color: #2b00fe;">data-original-width="2953" . <span style="color: black;">So the replacement part should be</span> s2953 . <span style="color: black;">Do not forget to add the</span> s <span style="color: black;">before the original width.</span></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #990000;">EXAMPLE </span><br /></span></span></h2><p><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span style="color: black;">Thus for the unclickable image of the </span></span>previous post shown below<i><br /> </i></p>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1772" data-original-width="3150" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKcXIw8lgfz3e52HP0kBQqTYC8KOVKvJ3h4uqw653k9J9dgh2Jm6sjskJqvFqyYbVkvskbGcEslVUBFkhTGbElNo9Z85XJwR6PfIfXfpCfssOP25rBUb_drgN2PQt5bZOlkHT1awA3Ws4M9XpMnkk-Hg1HMKEitzWgFs6FnAPtkUlGbwtnOReMNIjk/w400-h225/middle-panel-ready.jpg" width="400" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="3150" data-original-width="1772" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8kdlwoNtRQvHwvIBSPXJFdxfXAOfULRJxVuM9J8y4lpI97QTos58SCbCAPQAMpOTf96g7NQaeOECq8VeqTFWboBT1BeQ1ZhObSoQzDmmYidzDLuf8FYdHgk9M4FnLOFSYDzhkp3Ey0clEBO9xTRUJIZxNJuWYno5pSk311LRwcS5R47FtqjKP3xoZ/s320/one-middle-panel-cutting.jpg" width="200" />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: The finished carving of the panel. Right: The large and smaller panel still connected and clamped.</i></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> <br /></i></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Display the source code of the blogpost in your browser.</span></li><li><span style="font-size: x-small;">Find the <img ...... > line for the image and copy it to a text editor.</span></li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: courier;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> <img border="0" data-original-height="1772" <span style="color: #2b00fe;">data-original-width="<b><span style="color: #04ff00;">3150</span></b>" </span>height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKcXIw8lgfz3e52HP0kBQqTYC8KOVKvJ3h4uqw653k9J9dgh2Jm6sjskJqvFqyYbVkvskbGcEslVUBFkhTGbElNo9Z85XJwR6PfIfXfpCfssOP25rBUb_drgN2PQt5bZOlkHT1awA3Ws4M9XpMnkk-Hg1HMKEitzWgFs6FnAPtkUlGbwtnOReMNIjk/<b><span style="color: red;">w400-h225</span></b>/middle-panel-ready.jpg" width="400" /></i></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> <img border="0" data-original-height="3150" <span style="color: #2b00fe;">data-original-width="<b><span style="color: #04ff00;">1772</span></b>" </span>src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8kdlwoNtRQvHwvIBSPXJFdxfXAOfULRJxVuM9J8y4lpI97QTos58SCbCAPQAMpOTf96g7NQaeOECq8VeqTFWboBT1BeQ1ZhObSoQzDmmYidzDLuf8FYdHgk9M4FnLOFSYDzhkp3Ey0clEBO9xTRUJIZxNJuWYno5pSk311LRwcS5R47FtqjKP3xoZ/<b><span style="color: red;">s320</span></b>/one-middle-panel-cutting.jpg" width="200" /> </i></span></span><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: courier;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Replace the part that here is marked in red with with <b><span style="color: #04ff00;">s </span></b>+ the part marked in green, so <b><span style="color: #04ff00;">s3150</span></b> for the first, and <b><span style="color: #04ff00;">s1772</span></b> for the second</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">. The part to replace is always between the last two forward slashes before the .jpg (name).<br /></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> You now made two valid internet links to the large images which you can copy directly into your browser. You then have access to these two large photos:</span></span></li></ul></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: courier;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">h<i>ttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKcXIw8lgfz3e52HP0kBQqTYC8KOVKvJ3h4uqw653k9J9dgh2Jm6sjskJqvFqyYbVkvskbGcEslVUBFkhTGbElNo9Z85XJwR6PfIfXfpCfssOP25rBUb_drgN2PQt5bZOlkHT1awA3Ws4M9XpMnkk-Hg1HMKEitzWgFs6FnAPtkUlGbwtnOReMNIjk/<span style="color: #04ff00;"><b>s3150</b></span>/middle-panel-ready.jpg</i></span></span><span style="font-family: courier;"></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: courier;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: courier;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>and</i></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: courier;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: courier;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8kdlwoNtRQvHwvIBSPXJFdxfXAOfULRJxVuM9J8y4lpI97QTos58SCbCAPQAMpOTf96g7NQaeOECq8VeqTFWboBT1BeQ1ZhObSoQzDmmYidzDLuf8FYdHgk9M4FnLOFSYDzhkp3Ey0clEBO9xTRUJIZxNJuWYno5pSk311LRwcS5R47FtqjKP3xoZ/<span style="color: #04ff00;"><b>s1772</b></span>/one-middle-panel-cutting.jpg</i></span></span><span style="font-family: courier;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> <br /></i></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: courier;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: courier;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjezoXxYYqe7ElPi1hup7pLSUI8ICOPjTSwv3nOy8hw4y3n7AJUUr4uiK0z0XS4nw5XJU-mgCrk97ljdrbfBXLInNnHHy_7fPYYnxPMuFh3t6jG-AnWqc762x10f1K3B_lHrbIB8Ik_557dkgzSRHbfia4Uph_4jDl7pjZsyd8LtR21PhFphxbZqqv5/s1830/ScreenShot00006.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="550" data-original-width="1830" height="147" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjezoXxYYqe7ElPi1hup7pLSUI8ICOPjTSwv3nOy8hw4y3n7AJUUr4uiK0z0XS4nw5XJU-mgCrk97ljdrbfBXLInNnHHy_7fPYYnxPMuFh3t6jG-AnWqc762x10f1K3B_lHrbIB8Ik_557dkgzSRHbfia4Uph_4jDl7pjZsyd8LtR21PhFphxbZqqv5/w490-h147/ScreenShot00006.gif" width="490" /></a></div><br /> </i></span></span><br /></div></div>Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-48486697464020408692023-01-13T21:18:00.002+01:002023-01-13T21:18:53.259+01:00The Tresoor of castle Hernen (part 4) The small panels<p>This post continues the construction of a six-sided tresoor (dressoir) for Castle Hernen. For those who are in the Netherlands, the finished tresoor can already be found inside the castle, in the room called 'kemenade'. This post concerns the creation of the smaller panels of the tresoor.</p>
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<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000;">The middle small panels</span></h2><p><br />
The middle panels follow the basic design of the small middle panels of the tresoor at Chateau Langeais in France, but with some amendments.</p><p></p><div style="text-align: center;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="3008" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiwq6xOlWu25q64u3ZHPDi0CXTLooiAbLcWxOc2kfk3dfUnk0z-TVEBLFMjsflhvvNsltIrQWBG23N2BA4Vr-kyLeQiTNR2wglPvQPdMCb57U7FaCWrGahTOwQhzp9ryPH28FgG-ofl_axG9HepdlmBsz5LVLYH5bKRA586qGNFnfqq81XJb3BbrE3/s320/DSC_0106.JPG" width="290" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="560" data-original-width="942" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnc1IBbB-7ExZ1z0RMPKb4t7KQ2LHXI_NmOvsGOY12BIbFwNlJbFvlDbEIA50KyMZ9hVv8xGGuf79QpmTOG0rlSirvEn52BB24k9j4mKGdd0F689Lmf0zrq1lmzuYdfYKZK8ejMNAMJjlHdduDWEm-t-HTu5xbU-KibTJ2Z72xLDta-izsjWo3LuHz/s320/0108-langeais-dressoir-1-edge-panel.jpg" width="320" /><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The small panels of the tresoor at chateau Langeais: left the drawer panel, right the small panel beneath the larger one. The design has a curving snakelike form.</i></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i> </i><br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">The curving nature of the design in the French panel was followed for the design of the Hernen tresoor, meaning that the pattern continued onto the next panel, each time flipping the design horizontally. Further, a rose was added to the design signifying the link with the Duchy of Guelder. First, a test panel was made with a cheap pine wood panel.</div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPpsYzm4Efg0v9-qMPjWkvjQi4wye6DBbEZFDXOwz1hQhYrWbTp2U0fONbpzX_SxaOi16Ks6ZlFkTHxs5ziysC8GNlrnuGgl-Pg5nZgrKcpaJVxTLHzp_Jt5BfCIbUOGawQ2gHprQGJBAlyhjsiBYkoETy6BRIU0fFRR1Jm2zCsmokEp_a1nMiw5wV/s3150/middle-panel-design-test.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1772" data-original-width="3150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPpsYzm4Efg0v9-qMPjWkvjQi4wye6DBbEZFDXOwz1hQhYrWbTp2U0fONbpzX_SxaOi16Ks6ZlFkTHxs5ziysC8GNlrnuGgl-Pg5nZgrKcpaJVxTLHzp_Jt5BfCIbUOGawQ2gHprQGJBAlyhjsiBYkoETy6BRIU0fFRR1Jm2zCsmokEp_a1nMiw5wV/w400-h225/middle-panel-design-test.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The pine test panel clamped to the frame of the tresoor. A piece of the larger panel can be seen on top of it.</i></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1772" data-original-width="3150" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrPBa76ZdJdoF5OUgev8wxITy3Vxhws5VQuMrvYzf_qZZSzfvb24hJMBoSrEuLOdFh_jTYi-DqlpP1o_q5whNDVeKJFn33-_9Q009uAsoGaTXa8ftNSURDUYwXZyH9fGvDguzr6jYUsMdIGTNmiGfrDvFghGj3Q1VKwe0icQVAizlPIM68_iXyrrhe/w640-h360/middle-panel-design.jpg" width="640" /> </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The design for the middle panels. Here the first layer has already been finished and the drawing for the second layer was added. Oak panel.</i></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i> </i><br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsOg7NheCl8epLWnjWQP33kSXjfdtp69QP54HvLSZpIhCnPD7uSc9ewVwlCX8n1g2Fbl9B6l0gHqrrbXck7ox5uRu-s6EDbGxTP1wudoet3RNg_P3mFcAR8vtAc0-M82GZjH4J4iqHoj-0wkeK99zvJh2GIFzUYv3op9V5dVahsfwOxL983AFEMr2y/s2953/lade-front.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1661" data-original-width="2953" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsOg7NheCl8epLWnjWQP33kSXjfdtp69QP54HvLSZpIhCnPD7uSc9ewVwlCX8n1g2Fbl9B6l0gHqrrbXck7ox5uRu-s6EDbGxTP1wudoet3RNg_P3mFcAR8vtAc0-M82GZjH4J4iqHoj-0wkeK99zvJh2GIFzUYv3op9V5dVahsfwOxL983AFEMr2y/w640-h360/lade-front.jpg" width="640" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The design for the front panel of the drawer.</i></span><br /></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">The workflow was identical to that of the large panels (see previous post): The layer was roughly deepened with help of a router and then cleaned and carved by hand with chisels and gouges. The router was used free-handed, staying close to the lines drawn on the panel. The middle panels were still attached to the large panel during the routing and carving process, making it easier to clamp to the workbench. This also assured that the clamps did not get in the way of the router movement.</div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1772" data-original-width="3150" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKcXIw8lgfz3e52HP0kBQqTYC8KOVKvJ3h4uqw653k9J9dgh2Jm6sjskJqvFqyYbVkvskbGcEslVUBFkhTGbElNo9Z85XJwR6PfIfXfpCfssOP25rBUb_drgN2PQt5bZOlkHT1awA3Ws4M9XpMnkk-Hg1HMKEitzWgFs6FnAPtkUlGbwtnOReMNIjk/w400-h225/middle-panel-ready.jpg" width="400" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="3150" data-original-width="1772" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8kdlwoNtRQvHwvIBSPXJFdxfXAOfULRJxVuM9J8y4lpI97QTos58SCbCAPQAMpOTf96g7NQaeOECq8VeqTFWboBT1BeQ1ZhObSoQzDmmYidzDLuf8FYdHgk9M4FnLOFSYDzhkp3Ey0clEBO9xTRUJIZxNJuWYno5pSk311LRwcS5R47FtqjKP3xoZ/s320/one-middle-panel-cutting.jpg" width="200" />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: The finished carving of the panel. Right: The large and smaller panel still connected and clamped.</i></span><br /></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">Whereas the large panels consist of three layers, the middle consists only of two. The second, deeper layer has large chamfers around the edges making only a suggestion of three layers in total. After the carving the bottom side - i.e. the side that does not go into a groove of the frame - was sawn in a curving form with a scrollsaw. The curves were cleaned with chisel, gouge, scraper and spokeshave. After that the smaller panels were cut loose from the large ones.<br /></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1772" data-original-width="2742" height="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii9uTMUpVbu-WH2Rdgz3btN1c4sA6q-Y1y7b4p4eoMN0dtOm3i-l-L1SOMerYNcu1io-m3weSjsODgoZ0BkWbmq-y6XgzaNJrzQkF0Jdzq0fKJf3_FxD3hVlgwSOw6WmqZSXFRoYZf-J9qDVqnYJ5oApD2pZtTwTbkb95LT3eeY7TA85yad_IfmTF1/w400-h259/middle-panel-ready-to-cut-scrollsaw.jpg" width="400" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The drawing added for the scrollsaw.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1772" data-original-width="3150" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipZDDo4S0KQzmfPXHbRXF11A7h3AilVWd8nZa2dTmpM98Giy6InLnFGQS2LtRBdIOAkTMiqdLYPrqor1naacsaTv6lHvrBMpIdB87K15ELAgm6n9Kwo4ztz7yCEOF8u_w4dyFAr63e8UmlbWoQEn_WpMQuxf0v8jUli41yOkeCTB4YpZZATfK7Jw9E/w400-h225/middle-panel-one-up-one-down.jpg" width="400" /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Two of the panels with their front size ready.</i></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1772" data-original-width="3150" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqf3WmVoAI4kwVUb2rv60R4nqjdYW9bcZfgKYwIV9DdFStE6DoY41YJiXdCqbNBbprG_IH6dzyPcm_nfUsUW9Sy82OVanhYh7dhKmyD3BT29TDnvPoVTuzmkzAMOCtTofx7Ztc95neEXUIoXWX6qGBBMC4EHqb--jaucIUO4TdxPG_bJM9MOgHC7AD/w640-h360/middle-panels-attached.jpg" width="640" />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> The four small panels attached to the large one. You can see the design is flipped with each next panel.</i></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">Next, the backside needed chamfering on three sides in order to fit in the grooves of the frame. A basic chamfer was made using a table router, but the edges needed to be made smaller and wider by hand using a round moulding plane. Clamping was especially difficult here due to the small panel size. Finally the panel was sanded when needed and oiled with linseed oil.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="2268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4Nu-ganhnKQO7u_uUTqfUl-qtYPS6XMDJLtb4Kp3WXflz7DQbBVPwJy7GxXWv2H5PPfTG8LX1CDZVKE1gNhzDsckH7gvNQSvzn6yxrqyM_tLDiMKYmbURtaOvPvL_C5Jqpm2-QiAWR61m6W-83kCjlT3JgfkbJJFcA9-jdHPUZUgUgysxd4SB85T1/s320/20210601_165709.jpg" width="200" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="2268" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj97hnd0C_kWKihwG6k9L9B2ROnDag0HwgTWsH-bYtYmW0lWucrLskP55QIQNluhaozO1XZYDgvwK5BZn-2ksNt0Z9TS15kIATr5gF4t07BTkLze71EhvzZvxzyasArHJfH6h7kB4KQlw391OYApvJRsY8KDtSrhUhgvfDHiEVstTS0AWp2HhrOLtFj/w400-h225/20210611_133903.jpg" width="400" /><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: The table router set-up. Right: clamping the small panel for hand planing. You can see that the chamfer is larger and thinner than the one leaving the table router.</i></span></div>
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<h2 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="color: #990000;">The bottom small panels</span></h2>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="2268" data-original-width="4032" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_Ttuos8WnW2omEZyuWPv4IF_qAk92NZPEYuOsP3YG95uRwfQTFGaKb6d4s3K684AKLpoGxp8W5KiClGoGdh8fy8KIq3T36SbOhzgVJj-Kzsoh68FTsn6KEW-LqX_8Pa7JR9bD6XcXxYq8HFzZ6eNBVKJgBkB4BA3Wi-fjn_5N-YOPaqEFC1mDGLbG/w400-h225/ontwerp-bottom-panel.jpg" width="400" /><br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i> <span style="font-size: x-small;">The design for the bottom panel.</span></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i> </i></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">The bottom small panels at the feet of the tresoor are the smallest panels. There is not much space available on the oak to carve a pattern. Hence, the pattern had to be a simple one. A design was made very loosely based on a small panel of a 15th century 'waschkästchen'. For the larger front panel a rose was added.</div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1963" data-original-width="2953" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDRhfRE9yD1s580tF6AG_gl8lSOdpt6YGIx4zrPvjMSP12ZTqVYde0dunLgXDZDnBLM4l5wA33qLVzCc3gSkbcZrnsvyMbD_LOlXF7KP8k58BLWGZAgodQGus_uVSQ8ImMA1Ryc6suGuw5HpWeVU3NFWe400OHjd5FZ8kKJkZDUjtRPieTuGmm9xTp/s320/grain-bottom-panel.jpg" width="300" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1963" data-original-width="2953" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH_Pc4HNDTEFlbO04gPJ_YE6dU4TvpyIXyLnaWT0mAISMvPVHNXmVJSsSi5-dI9s40P9DIybx77qgxtgrXvlyLV5vZ1LWLvCPWgzDNDJNBCxe-UkdJ9FoNPuVVWWIwGufQSdVVrotQxWlB6eRMu_UbY5vx0N9Hl4IfFtocneOeWik0QIuzesxr5G2t/s320/first-router-cut-bottom-panel.jpg" width="300" />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The grain of the wood runs horizontally for these bottom panels. Left: Two bottom panels attached to each other, the first layer carved. Right: Freehand routing of the second layer finished, the remainder to be done by hand-carving. </i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i> </i><br /></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="3008" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWVORVDJ6dTnaY5pw9wz5jVPuUJG_EpetAn5z3LZylyeImZkTOXif2CYb4RIm-FDocQuqQPvNiZ0_b3HXngTA7wCDKanHUywBtA7BTJhiezYHThDdJzohaGiu8Ib6TzP-pODVMF0dVOiluJItSoetcSJznQYPmT7Klt_ZgrY1h4bc3e8r1WFwQN6YA/s320/different-carving-stages-bottom-panel.jpg" width="300" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="3008" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT6HmYVOX41u_pcgDmxKfjeheg8B-kNz0WT1zINMxsWUwlgCnHF17E39abrw5D-N3yMGqyZ7wVm3Od2ysVV4nqTHGFU-CYfmQt4-9lze-qUgaYusIYeYR4BW9aoXt1IvWpxDKNV6CBc8Hb8YaX2rW3bmfvDPkNNURrhyxdp7sph6hoYd4NHdYsQzwe/s320/first-level-carved-bottom-panel.jpg" width="300" /><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: A board with the front bottom panel and one side bottom panel. Right: a board with two small bottom panels with the upside down design.</i></span><br /></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1963" data-original-width="2953" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibtRRS7xVsThyOGk1cqp12_xkNK0z4qsMCD4Inhgc52GrJHs6yQW8m1JBcFS6CMo11lrJM2a5VxOGbaqXNrQJexeikU5yjQGyYzp7a3E2WU7L5wUpcK_jjigIGicZ0zJTpmbWcHG0SVg0e5s0kipFiyKTTGDSo5gWuF2YbjhAtfpWOsbWFYVhjM5FE/w400-h266/front-bottom-panel.jpg" width="400" /> <br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The front bottom panel finished, with a rose in the middle. </i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i> </i><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">Like the small middle panels, the design is flipped horizontally with each the next panel. Also similar is that the panel only consists of two layers. Different however is the grain of the oak panel. For the large and middle panel the grain runs vertically, in the bottom small panel the grain runs horizontally. This was simply done for economic reasons. I had plenty of smaller oaken boards available, and less wide ones. During the process I found that the oak of some bottom panels did not match well with the oak of the other parts of the tresoor, being too coarse in grain structure. I made some new ones, and the surplus coarse carved panels ended up in another project.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="3008" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinHx3VKHr9y5I3MDPIi7nCVJQwiMtmEhxr6MUdkBMNSCpIDIqx7GmDumteQdMCgRdQiQroO08amqIRCrjEJhY2oi-xpTfIRs7UEy9mlapvCNa59a8m9JVQvqp1_77sTFOYTUYl5AsfpM3ZNVmtt11SbfQXWgA0bVXEEIMa_nA_h-UU6HmwOcQdI4sS/s320/front-side-bottom-panels.jpg" width="320" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="3008" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGjSew5goAm26BiVN6Q_2CiVvNybA7HvfaxqSD0I8DNUvBwM5wrO5H-J1iS4NX2lliyDelMXOL2GztUKHlxgfkye-no3p8vz1eqnrxKmt8Mx4cFumo6a6NZurMVYT8Z2wTeMCjah6kGX2EOAl-CU7I-nP2navQiohix7jXomaF8NsoX-mDvjwJMy_W/s320/back-sides-bottom-panels.jpg" width="320" /><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The finished front and back sides of the small bottom panels.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i> </i><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">The carving and routing process was the same as for the middle small panels, however clamping was problematic, due to the even smaller size of the panels. Some additional oak boards had to be added to the sides to provide a stable platform for the hand router, and to prevent movement of the small bottom panel. The same was true when the chamfer was made on the backside. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="3008" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcrTIYf9Q6KSzr0UFd4xD6DN53j5QK2GpnzAEZi28R0Y98uMlEeRakK0s40lIV3UyNK7cW-dQeKsL910yDyvDBAO1HfNDRn47K_Em96_QdyNzQP4___cDa0ntvhOrDh2fOtqMXU-JwIOq9mCOdzY9pQaZqNz4js5ZcbHW6WaUk-E9DDE92_6aAXW6B/w400-h266/chamfering-bottom-panel-by-table-router.jpg" width="400" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Some extra support guides were needed when the table router was used.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i> </i></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="3008" height="193" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqK0vAWgDlSpH0gvq9-gdzSG9o2NEpdYt5CkxfPCFBfXfQJszI5ZnAqkX5Snxfiwp0GDM8uY83bupcjrSpo4mWzH8XoXPPrfe2YZ1Mi0Hh8jkhDwiQcGPAM7zLQrJn_VnAyMev209YQ6PsbkzTPyoQkCE7NmVO5O0ckavFKCQg-1Qsme2qhHeZYPdy/s320/chanfering-bottom-panels-by-hand.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1661" data-original-width="2953" height="193" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsDtR9fLzNeVaMPK8j2deu5ktxgnFWZo4ZgI5P0ndSgK8e4-gcV_KiPjdBaUrt82JDh-ASjDFtENts7ouIxPoyh7C9UmvjCZP-H3OQp7s5UTNsHbo-wUDH1xIAp9gKZHqki9nWXT_kPafBboMf1JIQzDMDm6wLb7B0PN5bWyuB0ajrsGEwVk6j3k5G/s320/testing-chamfer-fit-bottom-panel-2.jpg" /><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: Clamping was difficult when the backside needed some extra handplaning. Right: Fitting the bottom panel in a test groove to see if the chamfer was thin enough.</i></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">After the panels were finished, the bottom grooves had to be made. For the small 5-sided vertical rails a jig was made to make it easier to clamp it and cut out the groove. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="3008" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiakYHWHPSwDsBV486a1P881tfVwlj4cxMB8obVvyjg1nYh9nYdl9RS5SNnHjueDPx0LhPKWHgpG5XVi9CfE-Rr4NcRoK4hYbnCG1NtXvJdUy9MsubkOQMxR6lf-y6kZ5VBUTN2E4AtHgE4sPOJ2YjKo3GnTBHhvZh0H0o8kx-3AZL7dwvlCD6tPt9M/s320/lower-panel-fitting.jpg" width="320" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="3008" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj23KgjTg9uZ-7iY-zoPCp42MMFNtQ9Pn6grI57j9vJBGrIGR6uCByqtTCAPFZ2b4Gk949yn3amCmEihYUbUXf5Ral_8XhCia3Nm8vKLYSWDuytQ-HCqefnz9hJ4NfgsLdhD6SpyRkWfXCcH8v9R1l6nt65kqb5kj9PsBFXZZtrV5xu3gDYwug1v6CB/s320/lower-panel-trying-2.jpg" width="320" /> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The positioning of the small bottom panels before the frame. </i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i> </i></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="2953" data-original-width="1661" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRc6_U4Iniuj5PuK_VtwbqbMip5wWzxzkiy0KBYrA-uNBHnSEOL5zrVCdXr9KgSNM1uzhdYfsRjN8EXuy6Pk6mcAk9BPcF8wnZzsaMKEKWIBaIp1Wsc9I4DmCdZdP3TZDp5ZU0eGRPV6TSQl5ff3DcH3iVTAlpCoAGRxs3TTB1ZWPinCPVOqLDov8I/s320/groef-maken-onderpaneel.jpg" width="180" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="3008" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtahLySV1XBCHwzr20lS0md1J33lTpGr-QHWsMfhSJLj4sSG3oKFaBNfZp5D7eg9EiH93-6Y6xUKRtbJEnjm0nIL9TKOpoC_cbK8qSMp_jbdy5vZhxDmzB0SnbB-KFLMs3wT_wk-XeqMQtQFRzvAsejubeV8zZ2j4zINygYpZtjysvXFMIrjr6QkHG/s320/onderpoot-panel-groef.jpg" width="320" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The jig and clamping the small five-sided vertical rails.</i></span><br /></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="3008" data-original-width="2000" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeZUucVEiAlKw5W83bdTfv8Al_LjuL8MCI6O-oQFxJ1GAMVVSk_8SbqeavX5GAmLKoQ_QoRow6MO1L3-jPrc7G_zACZDQL15b--dx51B2JVYkrkbjm3S3KGO8kER5Oi9bqz-L0TQmDvmzyilzq1FtKN9RH94jxmGbtt983zFPaHok4wHoru1KQC0Z8/s320/trying-all-the-panels-in-the-frame.jpg" width="213" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="3008" data-original-width="2000" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaRzURzo0sQEsTIO76NTl0GKQMK0YHxpEkC9B6GkoZ5rc0WSbeC5stP1uqN3AavH9gjywZGMJj13TEg_xuyY1iBXEYmkX3I42-0_A6au-DGXaUgDs_-rqGscTQy78_6o86ON-dPzTmsbTpS6_0T4S-zYwe6H8xv4r3cuxe2VuSKFw032jGEdY_4WYi/s320/trying-the-panels-in-the-frame-2.jpg" width="213" /></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="3008" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKnm-ZU79sP7gBlfYw9JLlpZpfvQeP9KQ88RrTZwLbhPRY73dR-sHvEKx1lbJYCgoixCFKtmhImPHPHh1rDrYWRHvoTiwOB4DtptY9rUSYrjg-j3SJ8p4JqM280crw1r5qJwCnQgdE_hvZQayXuiaBQm6zJ6ZlKZLNOgWF3n-N4KyX9p4uFBiQatJM/s320/trying-the-ground-panels-2.jpg" width="320" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="3008" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgztZUeSFVv0S3KWcIP4bLZn-jATe8NHbe5Rj1l02O4ZlRo3H_XfevogSd8uT4p8BC_2eKUVbRfb5QHZ05WEJMwctB8mucofXtQZGHn1G7Me6OcNDFusDrNkhr5lOfpb0HmUWHTpCiuv4PV3u6rDUxFAq8oEtlwbN5CUs3NcFUJ7NN3bGVTTUTucRpD/s320/trying-the-ground-panels.jpg" width="320" />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The bottom panels ready in the frame of the tresoor.</i></span></div>
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Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-55641291051457481982022-03-27T20:05:00.000+02:002022-03-27T20:05:22.043+02:00A six-sided tresoor for castle Hernen - part 3: the large side panels<p style="text-align: justify;">While the tresoor is nearly finished; all woodwork has been done and it is awaiting the hinges and lock, the blog is somewhat lagging behind with the story on how it was made. In this post I want to focus on the large side panels. The four large side panels were planned as gothic tracery work - but blinded, not open as in the <a href="https://thomasguild.blogspot.com/2016/12/the-scapradekijn-for-castle-muiderslot.html">scapradekijn for Amsterdam Castle</a> (Muiderslot). Previous posts on the tresoor for Castle Hernen can be found here (<a href="https://thomasguild.blogspot.com/2019/09/a-six-sided-tresoor-for-castle-hernen.html">Part 1</a>) and here (<a href="https://thomasguild.blogspot.com/2021/06/a-tresoor-for-castle-hernen-part-2.html">Part 2</a>).<br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><<img border="0" data-original-height="2414" data-original-width="1757" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJQA-YQjy-ACCnwlBa36ntJXDBMlbgDxObBOfINxdf0ecBWv20F_uTw3hpoxxeqB4g3HDfmXDQ37l8-dKxqQy9fguM-fiMA_-acd47h37Zy39yiV7BzMMfhUdcqf31FzLx3iAGAO8deZr3qpXGSxCdM-1K8h3S2reb-iA8TG9XA17li3TVMB_pmujg/w466-h640/austrian-armoire.jpg" width="500" /><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>An Austrian armoire with circular patterns on the doors as well as on the feet and crown of the armoire. Originally from around Salzburg, now in Schloss Seebarn near Wien, Austria. Made from stone pine and limewood. 261.5 x 192 x 50 cm. Dated second half of the 15th century. Photo scanned from Franz Windisch-Graetz - Möbel Europas band 1 - Romanik - Gotik.</i></span><br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;">I you look at single late medieval furniture pieces containing tracery panels, most of them have tracery panels that within each furniture item are slightly different. The basic pattern is the same, but the details vary. For example, one panel may contain four roundels, while the panel next to it contains six. I intended to do the same with the four large panels for the sides of the tresoor. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">I created a basic template for the panel in which the large round 'window' would contain a different pattern for each panel. Furthermore, two versions of the lower part of the template were designed, one containing a four-leaved flower (rosette), the other pointed tracery elements.</p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="687" data-original-width="1568" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLVw2qXbi0cRRbffbXFACdHJdWjLooHNFlPw74PvFZiOQaxAu5DYUss2qJ_OiHYNTDnfbXUDykoxTW-TEyoVoV-Tne2DtqVyXan5V1tUBvb4Ks8QhOOJrtZyB_LfT2q_1MlUs-iIu8l8Sh008L8ZsI_VbkdSikQ8cuycaWFrxbDr6ptMgl5v0_8-E6/w640-h280/Danish-chest-1512.jpg" width="640" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The chest from Castle Spöttrup in Denmark, now in the Danish National Museum in Kopenhagen, showing the four circular patterns that were used for the tresoor. The chest is dated around 1512-1519 and made from oak. 62 x 169 x 70 cm.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1552" data-original-width="1511" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3ExSvnyljFkerweTVCh58NiSlS4IWkc_wj29-azA8dW2KxPbIci5bm7-bkTMX1v1qMNOd2RBZGdcn3UB4dxCJCD7NLc0KWAIkw2kw_rC6P6Dd9uYLq2WdxezOpo4sEwy4M9rj5Kv45Zp_3iL_ZofQPTMa8jYdzPQIILHUAhxnCiX-25BknyQ_oe2l/s320/austrian-armoire-detail.jpg" width="312" /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> Detail from a door of the Austrian armoire mentioned above showing two circular tracery patterns.<br /></i></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;">For the round designed I looked at historical patterns and decided to use those found on a 15th century chest in the Danish historic museum. Similar designs could be found on an late medieval armoire from Austria (and multiple others). To find the thickness of the panels, and the depth of the tracery, I used the few medieval panels that I own. Note that the panel thickness of the (square) tresoor of castle Muiderslot was about twice the thickness of my own panels. As both thicknesses are historically correct, it became mostly an economic decision for me - thinner panels being cheaper, aside from being easier to handle.</p><p style="text-align: center;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1181" data-original-width="1575" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI9Z391MkPl75ixKSkB7Rw4ppFwfAR9rPah24HtFX9TGE6pUpZ4DcolOFaoVMxBoE29Q7mLkHuXJpuljGAd8GbgslOlK8Wv0mADH_3N50Fa68JFcxo9K6euCqaajohmUx3qP5oGfNM5oo_HnFSjcf460KTusrIeDu9CXthLSpchZLmiy5BiM_wAy14/w400-h300/panel-design-1.jpg" width="400" /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><br /> Sketching the tracery designs on 5 mm grid paper (i.e. full size). The (top) red part of the design was later cut out with a scissor and used as a drawing template for the first layer on the oak panel.</i></span><br /></p></div><div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1575" data-original-width="1071" height="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR8laENI_Zj5bDkGqedddu4nSHvIA4kHe_g3INFFlcrg20YM12qPMNrXrRbrxSFxmDRZKq6lCB3-MJ7R8oLNBDTgCe_5EyVSFYT27HZfeeVyXSBxzwyFIyb_og0qr_8xlrzWmrrY3vOZDDYXTOb0jpF-Z_bXwneR6Q6BPNnFtAh3yT-58Qh4tO8KH9/s320/panel-design-basis.jpg" /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The basic design including the design for the first round 'window'. The colours represent the depth of each design part: red - the original thickness of the panel, green - 3 mm below red; white -6 mm; black -9 mm. Note that the right bottom pencil windows contain the design with the rosettes, while the left contain the pointed tracery pattern. Of course each panel only contained one of these two types. </span></i><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="836" data-original-width="2520" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-qqaeWujljwGjLV9mJqS5wokbIjlxWe6s27XGAOcouQkqSJ13YYWLtrzFCJ4Pg-oKxAxnwKAppwqsNL7RsLgKyOGOmI2XAhcpfVPPT3uOqv6M1YZveWX_dFwEpBnNWgeeLZCqLV_s-eVoVcuw5mevIIEQpiRR0cEIMW9pMNtMcROIcTGtZvQPDS0t/w640-h212/panel-designs-4.jpg" width="640" /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The three other round 'window' designs used in the panels for the tresoor.</span></i></div><p style="text-align: justify;">The oaken boards I used were quarter sawn, with an even grain pattern and thinned to 2 cm. The panels were 23 cm wide and much longer than the 43 cm needed. The surplus material was used for the carving smaller (middle) side panels, while they were still attached to the large panel.
</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1654" data-original-width="1279" height="380" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgO2jd70s5QQeI2bYKvgs-DLL9YPZcoi7MFiHLpKYtGPcMgEwomIIfd5mx6mVmjWOz1G6TAQ204vzwvhvGObNxmY6k6YODaRca9xC0p0Cg0zZj0IZBVqIpPGe2XhPTsQqKqmaNhoJ-ZN2z_EVO2xBkgIUVLlgV7dXiVGtpSvtX3AGa3yEVHH1jKdWF7/s320/thickness-comparison.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1969" data-original-width="1309" height="380" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkVG6_E77NenQHF_Cb63R3mRJ0I2deKYrMxUaXmObPcD7DkMXu9EtCT6AmQIz-80YCSkpYBoGOhdZdwe5FTYOf4oPoNIt2QIlU5QnWaKIjjbNLCJg9Wk4vcvPbJKsxOiv4g7W87AnB1hog_qdmZiZFPhe-tLvdLSWgKFIJ5eZCNfBLBrOneQLciUA3/s320/dikkepanelenmuiderslot.jpg" /><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>(Left) Both my original medieval panel and the panel for the tresoor have the same 2 cm thickness. (Right) Inside the dressoir at Muiderslot, showing a thickness of around 4 cm. </i></span><br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;">There are two (historic) ways producing blinded tracery panels: (1) making an openwork tracery panel and then blinding it by glueing another thin board at the back; and (2) carving it from one piece of wood. The first method has the advantage that you can use saws and files, as well as work from both sides. The disadvantage is that the panel becomes very thin at the deepest layers and prone to breaking. I used the second method.</p><p style="text-align: center;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="696" data-original-width="558" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5QXJG97oWQRi0vHNmmzyy7S6aJMcLvDlvssrGzWLWOKkp8V_-Dd0ow7haEgKXYBZ_WvKHCa-T29AW56hGlcsaCg97RbGHMhvP8SvJEgjurHSjhzJRm0vQen2ogpRLonEy20fwZ2xhjcKKc-9KTNC8Psl3kUcGOb3TXxIrfHpSlavQCz00STN0Lo6j/w321-h400/0103-langeais-dressoir-glued%20panel.jpg" width="321" /><br />
<i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The six-sided dressoir at Chateau Langeais, France showing a damaged tracery panel. That the tracery panel consist of 2 glued boards can easily seen by the undamaged underlying 'blinding' panel.</span> </i></p></div><p></p>
<p></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Both methods historically involve removing a lot of material by hand (chisel or perhaps a router plane. Luckily, we now have the electric hand-router at our disposal to help with that, although the machine needs some modifications before it can be used. The resting platform of a hand router is small. Too small for freehand routing to be of use in making tracery panels, so it needed to be enlarged. The router platform had to be more than twice the width of the panel, in order to have support from it sides. I did use 9 mm multiplex board to create the platform, and used the same cut-out /screw-hole pattern as the original resting platform.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1099" data-original-width="1654" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBzjXA87xN7Uab3UvHqu_a6mDsqUCORHpOM69dsitb5-Q-m-CXsALQ0t0HbhHm7pR34lwAywVrBZwo5Bb6hixVo2TCZuF6LzvgCqN-_PEkrc3nc6eiCIBowT9hpIwid39shWUI5Z97plKFqmIHSTguHmsyGR_8wTFYsTrzv6ZnkcLUKZa31mE-c1QZ/s320/handrouter-2.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1099" data-original-width="1654" div="" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOPNojE8VLsHaK93XeJCn2RSYos3r6ck8POyCq6GZeKyMRQ9z08BCXqtQurep5dwdDwDPsJnsZowTF2vpGfCLHy3VVrlqEd8QhesyrYruqWs6kLxQQfU6JSHa4d61qnut3nbpuvfgspf9Cq4fzL2mmZmhywdSSDtzk0uhAeZqxf6IIjHV5pv1lswBs/s320/handrouter-3.jpg" /><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The larger platform needed for the router, anded smooth and waxed for easy of gliding. The sawdust collector can function as normal in this setup.</i></span><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;">I first did consider the use of a template and guiding ring for the router, but this is not very useful here. It is very time consuming to make
an mdf template for each pattern (and there are many). Also extreme care is needed for the positioning and fixation
of the template (and thus even more time consuming). Any mistake - say half a mm, both
horizontal or vertical - in positioning is unforgiving. Freehand routing
is much easier, faster, and provides a much better view of what you are
doing, but the machine must be pushed gently and carefully over the panel.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1654" data-original-width="1138" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbJvlZUo2MR8djUE0L4JKYDoZ-luHeqhAdN8wz_ElRfTVTCD6sv70iEjiSGzr1ggR7CRukHiUa-jM3QrskI76eLy8lJBETdQ4eImFFAYwJYhkL7IvhRYmRIKWHGQ2JGpoOeJ3Gy8mqbh178AzNap7Ij6RXr13w4n1BFJ5rLUm5prCBc7_NgB0-WFhq/s320/testpanel-vuren.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1654" data-original-width="1240" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQvOLdY7C2Uvcx1RROVpO-eIWn4ud_rFy6qHAYdYbKG1evb3V_KLp_zlUazDvnsfrsIW9ocqatNx9SM7LmN-Rr6jxzpCu0fBXb9Bt52do3IfyD1L5Bs4NgckSEwCwNSnwDXr4fIY05VUjwHBVh-Y7_xTYt4yxz6mtL8QDeLtroArZGesCBazM6WAXP/s320/using-a-template-sucks.jpg" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>I used a pine test panel to see if my design and working method would work. Here I also tried to use an mdf template, but discarded this idea quickly.</i></span></div>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The router was used freehand till a distance of 1-2 mm of the drawn pattern line, and then cleaned to the drawing line with carving knife, chisels and gouges. A 45 degree chamfer was cut along the edges. When one layer was ready, the patterns of the next, deeper layer was drawn and the process repeated with the router set at a larger depth. Using this method, making the tracery patterns was really fast and easy, and proved even quicker than making the linenfold panels. The following photoset shows the different stages in creating the tracery panels. </p>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1654" data-original-width="1240" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0LsMXGH7WUxXeW9H4XUVzjqCXxLiRJq3kHPpUdJFHTwqSssS5CZ2uHfB-quCipfBFy1_r9rO6_ZCCNGgqdYPS3XkEOXxFZzUW3oAmykA1A7_wGh-TJAhpmyZ0B5SwRyHKKzdwHAJO9U2y-boBXX6gwxUgHOEb-H2bEVP_uBNDaFjnRfXeFaXlEJYk/w150-h200/layer-1-routed-and-cleaned.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1654" data-original-width="1240" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8UOY0vJHZGdoA4vcDsQ2NFT7FxPa2KTs6_axzgrrQWNwKu54JlYLZcMGg_9XTwAwJfU9UclEf259-4KF2HrD0nLQYN4rJ6FpxaYBvzHiD9YQN4I5pdcp7Dr7STJFQntf94p6XE_hyoyhzYig6L_7yCjEEJILEbtWoPsjgbZ8vGkRmVjN6NhCZHfuB/w152-h203/layer-2-drawing.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1654" data-original-width="930" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiorYUuA6QqwQBdH0-P5Qg7PJ4eDLwsNrkb98kmNQK87cnqDw3uXTkiPNOQyLI2BKVYRrc3sStWHEvjHzzEaxVb2lbBCaA-UfpjuIDrXHhZbUkh4PJekhaNc6kD_8nkE-Wf-7iheyJoVaGmcBV8sNl3dY7PUx6QZCu6XFb_ucnDSnWQuXNA8Eeh7NCe/s320/12%20layer-2-window-routed.jpg" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>(Left) The first layer routed, it has to be cleaned by gouges and chisel to lines drawn. (Middle) Layer 2 circular window, drawing with drawing marks at the sides of the board for the positioning of the centre of the circle. The circle was drawn with a pencil compass. (Right) Layer 2 circular window, routeing done but not cleaned up.</i></span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span><br />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1654" data-original-width="930" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicxQzYFapBgtrZCdVj0XEXeFIx1IOzAcb_vBB9Q8tZNBzr9f4XPf1qBMvLRaOfA2U72J1tS4bWECpODC6mdhmzIl7JwVvs4DWJdhfzgXNwvL4h1VioYnPinU-hVW-7cD0yquTgF-GCLSU3E3pZggMqmsnxMPoefMxlfzWiJjcIqekA7UYeiZby7pV_/s320/layer-2-window-rosettes.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1654" data-original-width="1240" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik5fo_Fyp7ywyNSPaK7tfOZmv4NqTnBCGGj_ObSCI7tJaTRvVWhV9rXtwPXphaTv6OPkLk3IkD-KQVYjyWnH655SkXOkLMZnSkq79RnB8YX7y0YoZ6LLefV9f_RiWULmsHki9_9lkaFN_7VzjM3252pemnuYyzuZ06mKbhsOTO829vOFy3D-MMjy2J/w150-h200/layer-2-cleaned.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1654" data-original-width="1240" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiffsWQmC1sRS1xcs0Fcv-I2jJdBlCgQFpUzd1O25Q4WG6KkZWT7gO89fXkKHe4SnVA7iVE1A8qO8Gkx8vlRo3nuiqPr9lL3A6OpjBFG5ovDperFKp61NBH1uPZNzgLux03GHfDeuxvWQ4e3ApVVYJynrM6OqoAS69RRCJMZeLJXGet50Gl5bdWXUvv/w150-h199/layer-2-window-roses.jpg" /><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>(Left) Layer 2 circular window mostly finished with rounded knobs at the centre of the small
circles. The rosettes and triangular holes at the side of the large circle are
finished, the central rosette is being carved. (Middle) Circular window layer 2, not yet cleaned up. (Right) Same circular window, with cleaned layer 3. The rosettes of layer 2 still have to be carved. </i></span><br /></div><div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1654" data-original-width="1240" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKncs9r8m7nmrvRovBgIEFPsQWxEWki-Huh_I_3u92IWCR657YC3i3hVmd_G4IgjgHsieac7U5hCXEtbVXXlZlhRCyWhgYG04zhV8SClepiIqRCkXAJniNmoSz9JMRoQZI3SOMlp5MX2RiGgshBNzxbwmDPyY8nWPIj8Wg5cjbOwgSjD_WxtDOl-9s/s320/17%20layer-3-drawing.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1654" data-original-width="1240" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxC_AsnzmYdgzd4xi6sVidGE8XDKxR_IloaVTPoWVe4GuXPhPNE1crh8hW_OgwbtDahHbOsMtvG-gRWep9ohKL6Skpgz3xih0zyP_PAaX2KalfwTnXVZ9kKW39ta1O_PtFFqrRiMYuEI3SNHX7k8OfjfjgJrt3rWb_zE_ifyJ8ZVzd5rcc4jFO1zE1/s320/22%20Layer%203-window-finished-2.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1654" data-original-width="1240" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYcf76EH1rlivTNZKg_-9npDDHM9rg-rjC66b0b4HWkQf0DKT90_8vC-AsZ-KNiBnsqlUl5OMQbDOfYXZCk530SMp-JoAcVJcWVLBi72Yty5lVvOLXY3QCcwX2HMCkXhlUqlg0CgWIrZCB-T7mhiCbUun0OKbS3sd_ODJ2S6re1IqNCibqcaHgi1fb/s320/layer-2-preparing-the-drawing.jpg" /><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>(Left) Layer 3 circular window, drawing pattern has been added. (Middle) Layer 3, circular window, showing the small decoration on top of the circle. (Right) Drawing of a circular window of another panel. </i></span></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1654" data-original-width="930" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgusBEngGpWztPLKY56Hi6D-zNZodyDjuT0hXR6CLt8lx99K6c6IB8iFNc1vgd0Uor4ggJ76eGSs4rjIwLK59fw9vBuR_xVfDRwnnq-V0PbpKLP_JV49qA6wLcitoStANaO6BynArL0gpJuyI74kIuLerP9CMsEDzZgN8gYuHow2a8k7JDBpQTxSLv2/s320/5%20ayer-2-cleaning.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1654" data-original-width="1240" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCkKUHBO5AJ0gdLaHAfJFRVIXAyjUGsF2rb7795NkByRVM6mlKAq0BSeSb-O_9AnuQ19aKjN47QCM9CQmFmXSBYgOExkKe-OgOyr2nVvwwLDl-u6SuDBQ6X4OQ_0DoOc4yPxin-Lg4bN25ly4mCERUAPrXMl3l3dQgg024qP0FqerP8VuVy3mX9-EQ/s320/15%20layer-3-cleaned-and-carved.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1654" data-original-width="930" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9URaruIiz9oZIvZEFVlA4IjpylaDCSszTOuqIc6EdK54hVl_8WlZL9LXknsMvz1THwOrbIEXycbbakMdEgRHQz9uWA1q2snUVjwKp9t1vJ4M3FpqZM5yi0Sfs0_FMtNU5JSmTU-u1drE77ntZ-ms-6ND2Zvb0ClUrUrOkXYuox69ysdPX5NBEJRhr/s320/23%20layer-3-window-tekening.jpg" />
<br /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>(Left) Layer 2 circular window, routed but not yet cleaned. (Middle) Layer 3 circular window, everything is routed and in the process of being cleaned. (Right) Layer 3 circular window, drawing pattern, the central rosette is finished. </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>(Left) Layer 2 bottom, drawing added. (Middle) Layer 2 bottom, after routing and cleaning; the large chamfer from layer 0 to layer 2 at the bottom has been made. (Right) Layer 3 bottom, drawing pattern for the non-rosette pencil windows has been added. </i></span><br /><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>(Left) Layer 3 bottom, all routed, but only the bottom part is cleaned. (Middle) Layer 3 under, the lower part is routed and cleaned, the top part contains the drawing with the rosettes. (Right) Layer 2 bottom, the pencil windows are being cleaned; the large chamfer at the bottom has already been made. </i></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span><br /></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1654" data-original-width="972" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC-wcorYQs__iJzfc1QfPBRI0QuN_F3KsJ1wXE7jbHjga-5wC3ZIv7Puy_8Tye8UoR2RX_Z4hetcqkPJqSmffdpYjEwE7DLn7emWWxtvmJwwPYqoLJWu7qV95jUeXRlVy8B-l5pgcOs91djwC7bAqEnUUXD_tTtHxASeEyvAAK_QXhONoBtxKh5V7n/s320/24%20panel-1-finished.jpg" /><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>(Left) Layer 2 top, routed and cleaned; the cuts at the top of the ‘pencils’ have not yet been done. (Middle) Layer 2 top, routed and cleaned; here, the cuts at the top of the ‘pencils’ have been added.(Right) Layer 2 top, the line on the left side of the panel shows the place where the ‘bottleneck’ of the third layer will be placed in the thin windows.</i></span><br /><br />
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1306" data-original-width="1654" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZmDNwy0-lOvC5EtyKsN5hBKfyKlc0dzo2YlN7gPD2eQeZsueyOnF8QqBAwMiTrB7XX0oZATCoY_JWUClRpkH85kMAqDl_RUKNXGNKZAZ8Nrdt9pgihPmciXKYIcBqqWfW0KtHl2_epPpR41BA1Ijqchm9dafHN0gjL_I01YPLE7lo6z52zTwqn4qn/s320/19%20layer-3-top-detail.jpg" width="300" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1296" data-original-width="1654" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_FxlGf36EE2lbhJdvXb94uie9O160cflRvfNleqvQCnh-tsj8muWNPlC_HGtDkRwDImOgE-1Fp6x-tBmSl1tnJjvMXAqs9VIGxa8mjLqUII127UBR0SbbkCDMVUkC2dII1hu52ovDPetArd3tdMp-taMN-OPzlVlb_k4qhG-3Rd9Qd3cSq4WBNYeI/s320/4%20layer-2-cleaned-top-detail.jpg" width="300" /> <br /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>(Left) Layer 2 top, routed and cleaned; the cuts at the top of the ‘pencils’ will be done after layer 3 as they are relatively fragile. (Right) Layer 3 top, the finished pattern.</i></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span><br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>(Left) Detail of the rosettes at the bottom of a panel. (Right) Process of carving a triangular hole with a knob (originally I planned a rosette, but changed it as there would be too much rosettes on this part of the panel). </i></span><br /></div><p style="text-align: justify;">The rosettes were made by hand using different sizes of gouges. Any knobs in the design were rounded using a small chisel along the grain, and sanding it smooth using a piece of 180 grid sandpaper. The triangular deep spots were made using a straight fishtailed gouge (F1). The tracery panels were finished by removing the plunge marks of the
router bit on the bottom layers with a chisel, and adding special
accents with a carving knife where necessary. <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1395" data-original-width="2480" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMEXglHz_IUeJN-XUFf7-wxFaOdW48ZPHGcAPb7vBC3enrIjsyxSQCmVgWP9eKSjiJbdF0qP1pHZ2HPUYTArHg7p1F94OTFxcYJBOKwlhaHC9S-rtvTcf8BJ0wC8QRoAbne3eFq2_v3FJLZ88kvQXhaZiM2n7bNhDT9F2hJSAmF0-bO_E4P134-VTt/w640-h360/all-finished-panels.jpg" width="640" />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>All four tracery panels with their carving finished. On top you can already see the designs drawn for the smaller middle panels.</i></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;">The panels were then sawn to their correct height. The backside of the panels were chamfered using a 2 inch round moulding plane in order to fit in the grooves of the tresoor frame. Finally, the panels were oiled with linseed oil. The oil on the tracery pattern was applied with a brush in order reach the deepest parts that could not be reached by a cloth with oil.
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<img border="0" data-original-height="911" data-original-width="1366" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWCLlok_gsSNmcUBrlrryDMRqd04zdQ58QzdSNdGfN4OiBzu93YnGs1-bfvdYdmJiajZTOskG5FLTB-3l2R-3P_uYAXbF297lPZ4VataIfV-rwg92of85bMOtCMArxG4XHVTgwq8ewVNEsvw7xpNpzm2EZQLgWRGvKT3Y7g6PdrewaZiyj-8rdadyq/w640-h426/rothengatter%20olie%20panelen.jpg" width="640" /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Applying oil with a brush to the panels for the tresoor outside castle Hernen. Copyright photo Ton Rothengatter.</i></span><br /></div><p></p><div style="text-align: left;"><p></p><p></p></div></div></div>Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-68221306541723115182022-02-08T17:31:00.002+01:002022-02-08T17:31:27.459+01:00Two late medieval trestles<p style="text-align: justify;">Original real medieval trestles (not the X-trestle tables or the trestle tables that have a horizontal support between the two trestles) are extremely rare. There is a <a href="https://thomasguild.blogspot.com/2012/07/a-15th-century-trestle-table-from-bruges.html">table top with several trestles</a> in the museum Onze Lieve Vrouwe ter Potterie in Bruges, Belgium. The Musee des Arts Decoratifs in Paris, France has a<a href="https://thomasguild.blogspot.com/2016/06/medieval-trestles-from-musee-des-arts.html"> table top with two trestles</a> on display, as well as one trestle hidden somewhere in the depot.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimOHOch9cO7ASmBdJ6Klto3reVbkkOoUzwVeV6K6ZkM2W5zey2197mn9W8qca1XBWZ6oGRmsLTofTMbwzz2XgDKhN1VqHdiFCpccAF6BfCf2rzYBhD9b_2caK704skHA6_7pHhGFieK1mWOsNLitZQfCE30TNkvWnEd6y_jzHUiz_p1QQIseIAB8nK/s1211/Jean de wavrin trestle and strycsitten.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1136" data-original-width="1211" height="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimOHOch9cO7ASmBdJ6Klto3reVbkkOoUzwVeV6K6ZkM2W5zey2197mn9W8qca1XBWZ6oGRmsLTofTMbwzz2XgDKhN1VqHdiFCpccAF6BfCf2rzYBhD9b_2caK704skHA6_7pHhGFieK1mWOsNLitZQfCE30TNkvWnEd6y_jzHUiz_p1QQIseIAB8nK/w640-h600/Jean de wavrin trestle and strycsitten.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">An illumination from 'Anciennes chroniques d’Angleterre' by author Jean de Wavrin ((1400?-1474?) showing some fallen trestles of the type where the three legs are at the sidesof the supporting rail. <a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b105261344/f257.item.r=">Français 81, fol. 262r.</a> Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Département des Manuscrits, Paris, France. Note that also a strycsitten (a bench with a turnable backrest) is shown.</span></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">A few years ago I discovered another pair of medieval trestles in Chateau Bois D'Orcan in Bretagne, France. The castle museum has a small but superb collection of medieval furniture. All these trestles are more or less similar in construction: they are very robust, made of heavy pieces of oak, with two legs in front and one at the back. The ones in Bois D'Orcan and the Musee des Arts Decoratives being the most decorated. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">This year I discovered another set of trestles - this one with a modern glass tabletop - when I visited the antique shop of <a href="https://www.bb-worksofart.com/">Bruil and Brandsma in Amsterdam, the Netherlands</a>. In contrast to the other trestles, these are "lightweight" and have a different construction. Here, the three legs of the trestle are at the sides, instead of at the front and back. <p style="text-align: justify;">Finally, when I started preparing this blog I did a quick internet search on trestles and found an early 16th century set of trestles originating from the UK, also with the legs to the sides. These trestles are the most simple in their construction, and made of heavy oak. Similar type of trestles with side legs are often found in medieval illuminations and paintings. Interestingly, one of the English trestles has four legs, instead of the usual - more stable - three.</p>
<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000;">Bruil and Brandsma, the Netherlands</span><br /></h2>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The left and the right trestle; photos taken frontal and slightly diagonal. The carved designs of the two are different.</span></i></div>
<br /><div style="text-align: justify;">This set of oak trestles originates from the Abby of Herkenrode in Belgium. The abby was founded around 1179 by the earl of Loon. It had a turbulent past: it became a place of pilgrimage, suffered from wars between the regional lords and bishops. During the 18th century it was sold as well as the furniture and other properties. The abby buildings then became an industrial site, suffered from a fire, before it returned in relegious hands in 1972. The trestles could have remained at the abby, or were acquired by locals somewhere in its past with the knowledge of their origin remaining.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div>
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</div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Both ends of the horizontal support rails are carved with a floral design. Also note that the legs are inserted into the horizontal rail and secured with a wooden pin.</span></i></div><div><i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2667" data-original-width="4011" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjF4ZmZ4I6I-4CRwsE1_N4T2b0uYi65mGzT1Hj0YSJ8Xss8gXPu-awLVHVBQQHzIdwprWcMLGD8DOAJoDidecn1Aa7MFqIC7ihjPI5JePHhx_sgv8VWl9ZqaxvTIwIqTqKkCgNeR5wQth3GEtXEtdc-fUF2yO7e5mL8WIakZv6H5i8vNzEg8M0Tog6T=w400-h266" style="text-align: center;" width="400" /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The decorative rose of the other trestle. This one has a small repair.</span></i></div><br />
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<img border="0" data-original-height="4011" data-original-width="2667" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi1lyIgmV6WvQRANsMxiOrRjnC3cdebMxkGBP1Z-01eECQvWw9O213lF7yveU4GkFYYObgS678L5mHav2O5mdk2JNX7T4Lq2ilQrrr9wgaAlVp_fuNW4J4NVGsvKLWq0-xObVs9VgoMelhecvFlf488Yy9OLhQ7ZLXBRO0iVrC_eSo8PQ_LQw0LHxy6=s320" /></div>
<i><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The middle boards are carved with a slightly different design. Note the metal nail in the cross of the left photo that connects to the supporting rail to the third leg.</span></i></div></i></div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2667" data-original-width="4011" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjIVdS8EHJJqhnjj9bq18wSZjlaCjUhA-AuZvHLsoN25LHQflv-fNAZ7vm_JO9_FhbwZbFxFZfQabQFieoQ5wyQBHdglj8ptzPe084-RKAbT_qbAsyFGfNts5CSBkB65h6582HXIGivvlyacszBUewhsuDv-dk4tmPuld7mICmvOv0Ax-sDasWnR4qZ=w640-h426" width="640" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The connecting rail from the middle board to the third leg. Also a metal nail is driven through the third leg. </span></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="4011" data-original-width="2667" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh4ARYpNfxqICvd3xHVfcjzXK304sAJW9WtusEINxzKPC4MpR0SLj2f5Y_jfDKXGEcOg3ev0_SP5K9r-Pi8mVN01hVl6KVvp2pzx7B3acdXDvXgtZsqXPsctY8Qvdvc0xmprwIPdN1UMBqovFQ4dHDV7fupkktkb1rLV-6nPOx5sIydhCUUdfR9i3tE=w426-h640" width="426" /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The undecorated other side of the trestle. Note that the top part contains no decorative rose. This might indicate that the trestle table is a set of two, and complete except for the table top. Or these trestles are the two outer ones of a larger table with more trestles, where any undecorated middle ones are gone. </span></i></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000;">Sutton Hall, United Kingdom </span><br /></h2><p>
The Sutton Hall trestles (and tabletop) were on sale at an English antique shop (<a href="https://www.periodoakantiques.co.uk/">Period Oak Antiques</a>). This table is one of two identical tables from the great hall of Sutton Place in Guidford, Surrey, UK. Sutton Place was a great renaissance mansion build by Sir Richard Weston, a loyal and influential courtier of King Henry VIII. It is believed that these two trestle tables have been in the house since its construction in 1521-1533. </p><p style="text-align: center;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="300" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiYBKqNMPVPhSabrvPedMwEH5vE1hkC_POfV30QKDi1azBngsx6HeqmJPnVPvVQmoE_svWIEuiCAfIYgBDKMNT6EtSr-enQKra-gdQZ3JIZQ1hQ54m7fGoBUDyrM-wjcbTznfgF8PFMaIVWr2dMRODJWa0ItwFDD6IDmO-U6-Zwk6PHSKoZw9ASE0LY=w400-h400" width="400" /></p></div><p style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The two trestle tables as seen in their original site in Sutton Place hall.</span></i></p><p>The tables date from the 16th century. The table top consists of a large 10 feet long hewn single plank of English oak 4" thick and 30.5" wide. It stands on two trestle supports: one with four legs, the other with three. The trestles are of very simple construction, bascially a large block of oak with the legs sticked into it. The trestles are undecorated, except for the initial JW found at one of the ends of a block.</p>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="680" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhpSyJ-vol3io_yg7A7UjBhf7uWWJU-JScAKM_BJUrTpY-JzRn5_s6v1b5_ku4TbwTvopFpnKm0Y2tht0Q3bU7VSTM0X3l6uttkmR3B-sALyjBFeu6FLVifJptwG1kxTCdlpkeLOstFnxB-n-0ROHR9x5JrcxHunuyEc8EDJcw9C6CCoY0lUFs-ATno=w640-h426" width="640" />
</div><i><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The trestle on the right has three legs, the one on the left four.</span></i></div></i><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi9vLQDe8FWQAjKZQvLxRWfVUHM-5gJDXpW1ZHNTrQqbn1mLhjw8PDOuBnuc3o0KHLQhEsV6V8MIBgFMVWzxx1EqXlx5cC8l5vmywld8qef-rbel8WaI3mYJiKZK9I6NYEH6pbMGAtmU52pr9QBpYHlF3ZGLpPq4IAiuFW9SBHXvwomdwrzRm5CIEAV=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="680" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi9vLQDe8FWQAjKZQvLxRWfVUHM-5gJDXpW1ZHNTrQqbn1mLhjw8PDOuBnuc3o0KHLQhEsV6V8MIBgFMVWzxx1EqXlx5cC8l5vmywld8qef-rbel8WaI3mYJiKZK9I6NYEH6pbMGAtmU52pr9QBpYHlF3ZGLpPq4IAiuFW9SBHXvwomdwrzRm5CIEAV=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><i><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The four-legged trestle.</span></i></div></i>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="680" data-original-width="1024" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhC7PVNB9xXOCgWye1KzEX4iEbeXsmJialCdkX4B7HsoRjHcQEBTs9lC3ge2v7shjF22ihNPGJwMw-t6NZttKEgtvpST0y6oceSJbgCHtd-OYxCpf_5_Ock_EjRrhTcJIDSYOYFJyAfyErh-V9MGuv0QYgLch4EHFKh7dBN3AU-iTWa-KXleRNUcGjj=s320" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="680" data-original-width="1024" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjLRBrhw1dSp7fNMhbEB8J3YnF80M4lJuwdz4F0av9-awIWuVofozThfH8nOhmESfBP7AKKF_Urd4hn2IQenKRGKmiKD1_P_3FJu5lnRQE9jngBHDr4BCz5XjzSt46HCIXjlDQ_9oPRO8VorNobGnZXs3zObp7-M75qaisb8MVk1OqG2OzQHTe7B8T0=s320" /></div><i>
<div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The table top shown from the 3-legged trestle side.</span></i></div></i>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="680" data-original-width="1024" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhHky0VQ7H2fWJhykSFCWsZ7IuBJaiwcWXmA4AF-HGhTZUH5vhlYGVmEebtwbBIkNXBvlzzON8qUlZlPksiQiQcbuJ3HiJMcsR0ccB3j7E76zFslQqbarRlenoR31WX9idKI9goxGASqQPdnEOBwaMCr3i7r7iD7g3AWWMXMWw4DvdEwB27fdh8MreD=w400-h266" width="400" /><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">One trestle is stamped with the initials J.W., According to the antique dealer these marks stood for John Weston, the builder of Sutton Place. This is a bit peculiar as Richard Weston was the first Weston owner of the mansion. It is possible that the initial stand for a later owner, John (Webbe) Weston, an 18th century related family member who inherited the mansion.</span></i></div><div><br /></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="680" data-original-width="1024" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgmBnNhaM0zvFzEbbZYLM1DVd9iFd7ZhDIpG82HTEt1fF4Mo_mylCwiRpAeDssLqKnQMSPEFtlT64F6GETLFw_LaFpu0dlN2eo7zbnM9_D7ZRWn0ZusCQgVWBE3wfYyJkqe1P6KSO9PEaEJwUYJGYsrk9xD66SXvfRiF4EsD5ZzBurVJ8havqLeGV98=w400-h266" width="400" />
</div><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Again the four-legged trestle.</span></i><br /><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Bruil and Brandsma are greatly acknowledged for their permission to take photos and allowing them to be published on this blog.</p></div></div></div>Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-10621448054185844222021-06-23T21:51:00.001+02:002022-02-07T20:00:10.904+01:00A tresoor for castle Hernen: part 2 - the backside panels<div><p>At the moment much of the front and back panels are carved. This post will consider the construction of the backside of the tresoor and its panels. <br /></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000;">The visible parts: linenfold patterns</span></h2><p>For the visible, lower panels on the backside of the tresoor we wanted to have a linenfold pattern. First we considered several pattern options (see below), before finally settling with the pattern found on a 15th century armoire in the Gruuthuuse Museum in Bruges, Belgium.<br /></p>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="2304" data-original-width="1008" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBFXxgkY_ETvAJvYMIBSDe-JhJvyFeINRWtxOvIK4h6bDwtZlr-vgUk0TUycABpt-yThOArYcOIkQ3XBpXVj3J7vzsBz5dJ3_I-6AZLQhdRHZdIx6HYzfYwMCxJLPq-_x5Qcx7-9pBUpQ/s320/VA+CIRC+156-1928.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="2451" data-original-width="889" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8Mt6K4ZSqTw78nnv5FLI0WvlDRPa6XFQE19MiFtFH4EFoMhQOyxo_O22DYNVAlr1nm-S9ZdA0jqFJyX1oFBcUWwfK_RmXm-UO1YUjOp3JcLPv9-6FDs5WG6KnG5jFIoRH3lf_UIG8kWU/s320/VA+8148-1863.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1156" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw20mQCSs7HxwQDsO5CuC04-5_2UI60q3cNEZ_p6lUUcCrzt7g84UPQ5RQyHeVwkxMytf-xSU_FpdanSZrO97Kqmadv29e1QJp8Dm568TMvMqTvfjPJUCv43X1hUJQ8b9U90RYjXbu_RY/s320/gruuthuuse+paneel.jpg" />
</div><p><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>(Left) Linenfold panel made around 1500-1600 in England. Oak panel carved with linenfold pattern; with a central deep fold, and
two lateral folds reversed, and the ends carved without additional
ornament. Height: 38.7 cm; Width: 16.2 cm; Depth: 1.3 cm; Weight: 0.34 kg. V&A South Kensington, London, UK, museum number 156-1928. They were presumably items from stock, and no further information about them is recorded in the item correspondence.<br />(Middle) Flemish linenfold panel dated late 15th century. One of 96 pieces of Gothic architectural decoration, chiefly of oak, consisting of panels, friezes, pilasters, etc., museum number 8148-1863, average dimensions 20" x 12". The piece was collected by Pugin and used as model by the Thames Bank Workshops for the construction of the new Palace of Westminster. Height 22 5/8 inch; width 7 3/8 inch.<br />(Right) Linenfold panel from a four-door armoire from the Gruuthuuse museum in Bruges, Belgium. ca 1500, oak. </i></span></p>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="2030" data-original-width="2048" height="396" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3qHlV2qo2Ke4ZADs9nTqg-47RVE1-JHCXfBrXUGHYp6nKWnzOtg1_w3G1HCHUYk9SR9AtF_vFe8Acswdg_XeKGoYRTjSwVKyETpjOLp43bgbvjtvQ6IHAFE_09bKQBDmH-tYPLcQRQsM/w400-h396/gruuthuuse+kast.jpg" width="400" />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The complete four-door armoire from the Gruuthuuse museum. oak 167,5 width x 161 height x 55,5 cm depth. Inv. 0.8.VII.</i></span><br /></div><div>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1523" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2S6-pI7UUl3altI1yzFsuBITMdAJSwEIxp0dVKp1pJYGAxGswL-SzdofCya28w_VNsdJYz3JHJpDbe5MchNAbQXljlwQ_36D2NolSVuzDc02tD79VtTPxf0TQCoam86QA_N3k8k6JtK4/s320/IMG_0003.jpg" /><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1462" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfEhOvEHvFiWiSeFMASPSr4hUOA3O4U3wfqP7orMpNvSPYB1vyKs-W3fw3dmJoF2Ef1EHsGcF5e3MGBiSn9zKtBMBPQkmD7PEjNjo7urGhOv_86MKavGbQL2pvrKJsHgzC5xIzy1ZVvs8/s320/IMG_0002.jpg" /><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1533" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgegrTZKjr4EOioBOcGkDCJsZaSLUZaMkyjxbQAie3KSPA8uB90iJ1fyBMjLB_jjgPfnH8iLMrqzQ7_GtykXbO8VqfaJoc8z94_JOdiWCKL0zIZcy76Znqe_XbQn2Hwrl-6M6o8qL5XiR8/s320/IMG_0001.jpg" /><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> Drawings of front and cross-section of the three panels: VA CIRC 156-1928, VA 8148-1863 and Gruuthuuse armoire </i></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>0.8.VII.</i></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">First the panels were cut to the the correct size and the side rabbets were planed with a rabbet plane (Stanley 78 or a wooden one) / shoulder plane (for the finishing tough). The end rabbets were cut and planed later, after the linenfolds were made. The linenfolds themselves were first planed with a round moulding plane (1/8'' or 1/4'' depending of the width of the fold) set against a wooden fence. If the initial depth of the fold was reached, carving gouges and custom made scrapers were used to create and smoothe the final form. Custom scrapers were either used by hand or in a scratch stock, where the exact position could be set.</div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;">
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1089" data-original-width="1575" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrpwT0ak27Rj7UxPhW-UNYgxtlgyj5o4cOkKVI6uMZFZmrDgZUHTYRchW-oBeP5Z_RgsSGG4G_DCGfx9K8UcNrldOp-0VqkjaL6YAz7xng-KWcI4Qw6zKeg2w4gSWQngR8ofBi8B7Ph6Q/s320/scraper-making-2.jpg" width="300" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1575" data-original-width="1047" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWBVIFC74Ds_ZU9WuEDhlszUjDsKAVt-lbwJgJqmzPNY6_8nGY83yWTDQgsEsU2p9EXWonq2dnUy8mUbiPUH5WpVm6GDIPZh8dqrn8PT2TsLaacOyWQ0ihyphenhyphen71wkrFJtqZtutDsdfnwhNQ/s320/scraper-making-with-dremel.jpg" />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Roughly cutting the small strip of the custom scraper with a Dremel grinding wheel. </i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">In short, the custom scrapers were made as follows: first a small strip was cut from a standard scraping blade. The the rough form was cut with a wheel grinder (Dremel tool), which was in turn roughly smoothed with a round or flat file. Then, a belt sander with a 180 grit belt was used for further smoothing. This was followed by diamond whetting stones (250 to 1200) where a square wooden block was used to stabilise the custom scraper in order to get a square edge on the scraper. Also the flat sides of the scraper were whetted to remove any burrs on the metal.</div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1057" data-original-width="1576" height="269" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHBuOybYnt7f6T_JL7UeWZgM9yMkO_Hr6vLPM4CKBD2zKgGKcaAVHSvrNgnHkSTTfwocj-KjmgGc0EFdOgANf-wnNwXKMINbgkNyUJOnukHbkdtDMjxhvUkN27RsJ45xcosktVinjX_l0/w400-h269/custom-scrapers.jpg" width="400" />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The three custom scrapers with six funtions:a half-round ('knife-shape') with a small hollow scraper, a round scraper with a bit larger hollow scraper, and a bit larger round with a double hollow scraper (for the middle of the panel).</i></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1047" data-original-width="1575" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit_zfMZdhpzkvr0l8u2vUK2oOMBc-53acYCvsRsgxdC-K9-khpChvE8bTl4I-C_HbOejTI-glMBvHk25sye2l6olE2Swnj3MJ9fV7e0Y3Citj5RCYr-GEzjHr2DpKf2Qnjt9w3CJZWZ1Y/s320/scraperholder.jpg" width="300" />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: Bram working on a linenfold panel with the scraping stock. (Right) A custom scraper in the scraping stock.</i></span><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Smoothing the rounds with a hollow custom scraper set in the scratch stock.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">After the long parts of the linenfold were ready, the end rabbets were made. First a groove was cut with a circular saw (marking the boundary), and the end rabbet cleared with a chisel and smoothed with a shoulder plane. Then the outline of the end of the linenfolds was marked with a pencil on the panel with help of a carton. The end of the folds were then cut out with different sized gouges. Especially the fish-tailed Pfeil gouges were of great help here.</div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1046" data-original-width="1575" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF-YCVDTZU_WHb0oAeJkkedThz7AfzTYC3t2SUMR5woIQfGS06ulNErQIgeQuPLgSFu6RMWi1styP9eDvDW18-61WnJfTGkvpomuLGAIdBm925A2m4ox-1vtoTm-qIYiGvA3DSRHGOduI/s320/paneeleinden-snijden.jpg" width="350" />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Carving the ends of the linenfold.</i></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">When the front size of the panel was ready, the backside needed to be
chamfered in order to fit in the (12 mm) groove of the frame. Chamfering was done with a fore plane and a wide round plane (1 1/2''). </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1575" data-original-width="1181" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRB_9xHc4eKz3kwslqWEro9QVYz8hU4Pb2UUBgIRqSNYP68_xaZ2YJ7LB0D-XaaVQXVeDxSPv7VP5qZSj8ojnfHIh4RXdEHJhNb5hS2OTkGhupxybyqRI9To_Oj3omF53xV0jDt_0tS0/s320/four-panels-with-karton.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1575" data-original-width="1052" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyhGTSfrT99jbHHydZ8eqZTnvflf8kPQsD1sMaRuQ9ZhXgYy-r06_ZyRTntS20Gy8J1U964s78_2lZH3Lb_r3vpzcRmCwN1z5mW-HFZGfFH59toV2VtJjkOu3xV_7z0NLXTIPl6OAVpho/s320/measurent-jig-for-panels.jpg" />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>(Left) Four panels with the carton of the linenfold end in front. (Right) The 12 mm test groove for the chamfering of the backside of the panels.</i></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span><br />
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1575" data-original-width="1181" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbg8PnD_yH5monuPruiJ6NhBa1AqMOqAIN4RxzlojnHVgumJw6zYDLwIsUZeMJmlU-cd3KK2OANuHGkL7dI1nKuh_Qoe_LDeD8ODiQsdHjmOaRdSj3supxtrTtrVGpzytmxjPR68WxX0Q/s320/groove-for-backpanels.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2006" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqfX1v90SiRXUpzqXfbZLcsqJ4owieVzkdcH7t8vK7JSs3R3FXktU3oI9CDHwmR4tWAuYKD1YIMPyGcmkTD0R4yeh9NQaAMhn12fTD9d8l946KVkEIAnfm3MeNC_Kmn_4PlYCCWAcILi8/s320/achterpanelen-in-diverse-stadia.jpg" width="350" /> </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>(Left) Fitting the panels in the frame. (Right) Linenfold in various stages of finishing at the frame. The unfinished panels are just duct-taped behind the frame, as they did not have their chamfered back.</i></span><br />
</div></div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000;">The hidden parts: plain panels </span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;">
Some leftover pieces of oak were used for the panels that were hidden from sight. One panel was from a broken oak table top which turned out to be beautifully patterned with flecks and rays. Actually, it was too nice for a part that is seldom visible, but alas these things happen. Another board was sawn lengthwise in half to form two panel pieces. The panels were thinned to 1 cm with a planer-thicknesser and chamfered on the ends with a fore plane. Where the panels connected to each other a V-groove was made on a router table, and the corresponding V-point with a small handplane, a construction similar to that of the <a href="https://thomasguild.blogspot.com/2017/03/the-scapradekijn-for-muiderslot-part-3.html">scapradekijn for Muiderslot castle</a>. Also the middle part contained one large horizontal panel. </p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: justify;">With all back panels finished, the complete backside of the tresoor was constructed. </p>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1575" data-original-width="1133" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-VnnitLbMetu02c1uEDpbZkzS72s5MFOJ45-JDUZx2J98G1UHNmuzmh79rU7XoxwrM4OrqljkrhK02MtY0d9mDeGGai0g3d__zrixAXL2fVCCeyRSJkmBfjT9N-KzuhyphenhyphenO2gZZf3OLi28/s320/panels-in-groove.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1181" data-original-width="1575" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFTYdyCQ4xExonJELy3b2aQEvpIMq_izMdzMQKm4ufoXqxrayKZCIneAd0iu-uOB0RWZHdFRXm2_ZmaAxoHmFMd6vsGJJu-a3w_vewbLT0s7yJq-bqBoVGoANMBt3LNS0K_Etiw_271xU/s320/fitting-the-boards.jpg" width="360" />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Left: Construction started with the middle linenfold panels, and continued with the outer linefold panels, the middle panel and the top back panels. (Right) Help with some clamps was needed to fit the vertical stile.</span><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1575" data-original-width="1181" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBGkgDXLWpR81sINt0CoFyXRu0F7EYO2r-n1GR5d55rOzswxYbtaz2Ny4Mwo44sUrIPsE3sM7e2ZaxIzWNxkv8VNFNcshzuXp681r6tsV7mVbZlhMHiOYXcFMIibwhgWG7q9xoUVC_69c/w480-h640/complete-backside-tresoor.jpg" width="480" /> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The complete backside</i></span></div></div></div></div>Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-62278118656011837252021-05-15T20:07:00.000+02:002021-05-15T20:07:52.405+02:00Pilgrimage 21<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><p style="text-align: justify;">We read about the <a href="https://companie-of-st-george.ch/event/pilgrimage-21/">project Pilgrimage21 of the Company of Saint George,</a> the famous Swiss 15th century re-enactment group and thought this would be a marvellous idea to do some medieval re-enactment during corona times. Worldwide medieval re-enactment groups were encouraged to go on pilgrimage journeys to their local/nearby pilgrimage shrines on the feast of Saint Corona (14 May) and the weekend afterwards (15 and 16 May 2021). Photos and Videos of the preparation and the actual pilgrimage were to be shared on Facebook (CoStG: project Pilgrimage21) and Instagram (#Pilgrimage21).</p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000;">Saint Corona </span><br /></h2><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn9pVM5NyRwtMPGGNUmhdwMHxD9Eo9twfEhnDSH2NgXPjR4TaZNZkRkQXUq1-V4w2bzveZmK5CJARbTETdfzW9fjn1Bb2BDtaYJ9CHQrEf_8Bz86J0fxHTDOjgkLM7t3QTqTFJBs1tyB0/s530/SaintsVictor_and_Corona.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="530" data-original-width="346" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn9pVM5NyRwtMPGGNUmhdwMHxD9Eo9twfEhnDSH2NgXPjR4TaZNZkRkQXUq1-V4w2bzveZmK5CJARbTETdfzW9fjn1Bb2BDtaYJ9CHQrEf_8Bz86J0fxHTDOjgkLM7t3QTqTFJBs1tyB0/s320/SaintsVictor_and_Corona.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;">St. Corona happened to be a useful saint for the woodworkers as well, being the patron for lumberjacks (as well as with causes involving money, like gambling and treasure hunting). It happened that the lady Corona was martyred because she comforted (Saint) Victor, a Roman soldier who was tortured and killed for his faith. According to the passio of Corona, Corona was bound to two bent palm trees and torn apart as the trunks were released. This supposedly happened around 180 AD, but there is no clear consensus on the date. Around 1000 AD Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor brought Corona's relics to Aachen in western Germany. Her relics were rediscovered during excavation work at Aachen Cathedral in 1910. The relics were removed from a crypt and placed in a shrine inside the cathedral.</div><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Illuminated miniature of the martyrdom of Saints Victor and Corona, on a full leaf from a Book of Hours, France (Paris), c. 1480.</i></span><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> </p><p style="text-align: left;"> </p><p style="text-align: left;"> </p><p style="text-align: left;"> </p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000;">Maria of Redichem </span><br /></h2><p style="text-align: justify;">We were lucky to have several medieval pilgrimage places nearby: Saint Cunera in Rhenen and Maria of Redichem in Renkum, and somewhat further away the Chapel of Saint Walrick (with the <i>koortsboom</i>) in Overasselt. We decided to go to the church of Maria in Renkun, as the pilgrimage route is the most beautiful to walk - not much asphalt roads - and conviently was the closest and shortest route. Furthermore, the church is open every day from 9 am to 4 pm, and has a nice rosegarden with a walk along displayed icons.<br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="6016" data-original-width="4000" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA1SF6ytKOb3iBabm_by5vm9mkmRUwwGEAI6tI8umP-EN2800liB8iQ6eaq46p2E8HclNdo0aYYI1JaBl085YZ0eHCcrR5QkIcpVCUtXxUaDWFhSOxttokowPIJ0__HHb5KL0JYJQ86nY/w266-h400/DSC_0746.JPG" width="266" /> </p><p style="text-align: center;"><i> <span style="font-size: x-small;">The statue of Maria of Redichem, dated 1350.</span></i></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Redichem (or Renkum) is a pilgrims place since 1380 thanks to the statue of Maria in a chapel to which miracle cures were attributed to. The French king Charles VI donated two relics to the chapel: a splinter from the True Cross and a thorn from the Crown of Christ. The chapel also played an important role in the life of Maria of Guelders (Marie d'Harcourt), wife of duke Reinald IV of Guelders. In 1405 she founded a convent for the sisters of Modern Devotion at the place of the chapel. The duke ordered one of the brooks (Molenbeek) to be redirected so the nuns would have a fresh water supply. Maria of Guelders frequently visited the place, for instance in 1407 together with several French courtiers.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">In 1585 the convent was destroyed, but some nuns were able to keep the statue of Maria into safety. Then the statue changed hands regularly, until one collector returned it to Renkum in 1928. Now it can be found in the 'Our Lady of the Assumption' church. An embroidered cushion from 1390 that used to reside in the convent is now in the depot of the museum Catherijneconvent in Utrecht. The cushion depicts the Dedication in the temple (Luc.2:22-39).</p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihjaTltG-TOmD1QeM8ms5bZhBH3hY_7ngOoMMiEsKTAWQgf2VT8BcfTN0KEKaX6mhpE8V1IdFzZpYfIpsSAfO0Sh7G8SMqxHwPx8xFjNrNwePrMyBROtdno9cfFK-JJ7uzBHg-efh2u8E/s2048/ABM+t2060_1.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1623" data-original-width="2048" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihjaTltG-TOmD1QeM8ms5bZhBH3hY_7ngOoMMiEsKTAWQgf2VT8BcfTN0KEKaX6mhpE8V1IdFzZpYfIpsSAfO0Sh7G8SMqxHwPx8xFjNrNwePrMyBROtdno9cfFK-JJ7uzBHg-efh2u8E/w400-h318/ABM+t2060_1.tif" width="400" /></a></div><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>With silk embroidered linen cushion from the Redichem convent. ABM t2060 Catherijne convent, Utrecht. 57.0 by 71 cm. These cushions were used to place (religious) books upon.</i></span></p><p><i> </i></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000;">Thomasguild's Pilgrimage21 to Maria of Redichem <br /></span></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7McSWkWPbT-2As7cAu0iVGO-2xgxvHZyjjX0b3QuV2X-WPnNwKr0as7tBbgD53hmC4CcBQmnYP6ITkvwJzAeh0RJSLQJkzraOeIfb4Mp_v4QgmpNKgj4Ht_tnIbbM2ul3qpP-fTaS2co/s645/pilgrimage21+map.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="372" data-original-width="645" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7McSWkWPbT-2As7cAu0iVGO-2xgxvHZyjjX0b3QuV2X-WPnNwKr0as7tBbgD53hmC4CcBQmnYP6ITkvwJzAeh0RJSLQJkzraOeIfb4Mp_v4QgmpNKgj4Ht_tnIbbM2ul3qpP-fTaS2co/w400-h231/pilgrimage21+map.gif" width="400" /></a></div></span><span style="color: #990000;"></span></h2><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Detail of the Pilgrimage21 Map with Maria of Redichem indicated by the arrow.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSJ4_OOFQZIzJQq0bhDkNXwoXeAqBXDeLTOW1XqI6GNm_B7vRuBUWaZxIei8Ew56c7armie7VtjREr09drrzlRzf76f8uydDZrX5hcCaN8TQrmaObmCE5dmzxDWFQ_rnCnty5f7juvcFk/s6016/DSC_0677.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="6016" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSJ4_OOFQZIzJQq0bhDkNXwoXeAqBXDeLTOW1XqI6GNm_B7vRuBUWaZxIei8Ew56c7armie7VtjREr09drrzlRzf76f8uydDZrX5hcCaN8TQrmaObmCE5dmzxDWFQ_rnCnty5f7juvcFk/w400-h266/DSC_0677.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUmxkTytCzPnIn_L0t7x-hn6oFU_cQofGNV2XjZxaiSL_-jxLh-wKq5ZrGtsPok9Kbjog5jMoUA20SjMStupOGWKi6Pg7VrQ0CsmUn-ZqrHIQqdfm40Dld1sfIg3jCWh85JnMwuTvllPo/s6016/DSC_0681.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="6016" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUmxkTytCzPnIn_L0t7x-hn6oFU_cQofGNV2XjZxaiSL_-jxLh-wKq5ZrGtsPok9Kbjog5jMoUA20SjMStupOGWKi6Pg7VrQ0CsmUn-ZqrHIQqdfm40Dld1sfIg3jCWh85JnMwuTvllPo/w400-h266/DSC_0681.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="6016" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzQZfXVv_D9F3AVyxV82Aj85PO_caQVUrZABedC1yx49hn2tLLx_ZvkFM93ZbiddKLT-73tTLvodKIQYo7WoD_1MzvECxHHJn14sOCa5Bg5sTIxNEKdJoioTgrVJr-hZAyGpq6ZoSKido/w400-h266/DSC_0691.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmoQd-7nqeFURuF89GwmyDlsCwPtW5owD275qjJEBeuwfadCRMFULH_AYVnf9f3SoOhLBHGgVIZlO1LMie5S4V7-fAFOrK_dSl1x64wlT4bg7_ECeHKTHAXcRIQqNVuI-an9cqN128jgs/s6016/DSC_0696.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="6016" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmoQd-7nqeFURuF89GwmyDlsCwPtW5owD275qjJEBeuwfadCRMFULH_AYVnf9f3SoOhLBHGgVIZlO1LMie5S4V7-fAFOrK_dSl1x64wlT4bg7_ECeHKTHAXcRIQqNVuI-an9cqN128jgs/w400-h266/DSC_0696.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ3MDZup8VaLEKRKdl2ehFTEBHJpBEBCUlhKS6-GzkMVDM8ReHqrWPwS8gEaIbYAwnMm067DIoPXotHJTtbpI8PHXQbLnkFE0bpHeY-VvTNegN4cYZI_dsZh3mk2waMFbm9EtTf8bzutI/s6016/DSC_0711.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="6016" data-original-width="4000" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ3MDZup8VaLEKRKdl2ehFTEBHJpBEBCUlhKS6-GzkMVDM8ReHqrWPwS8gEaIbYAwnMm067DIoPXotHJTtbpI8PHXQbLnkFE0bpHeY-VvTNegN4cYZI_dsZh3mk2waMFbm9EtTf8bzutI/w266-h400/DSC_0711.JPG" width="266" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_UJUjVAL9HRgchmduTAkqTUkQ1cvwC8Hz9aRyKxPZCXnZC3XSh8CF4pKuOuuxmSaSbw3sGR1kFZ13NCwhSq1EgVvMCoJsDORkaZuJDucOM0HgWiMjM452Qw5hBqLOrXl-qpprsyMiqFw/s6016/DSC_0716.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="6016" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_UJUjVAL9HRgchmduTAkqTUkQ1cvwC8Hz9aRyKxPZCXnZC3XSh8CF4pKuOuuxmSaSbw3sGR1kFZ13NCwhSq1EgVvMCoJsDORkaZuJDucOM0HgWiMjM452Qw5hBqLOrXl-qpprsyMiqFw/w400-h266/DSC_0716.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEYYN-WHYTqNno1F1lfY2y3zuU1B0bp9CNNZpPmNSH-w0G5B-7cZ7jjYV4tKEpLiJpx2YfX1EPAiwWw0MiIuwuNIyBY4VZI1_2hAHdrZXmtlMwbMWQIUn4fLEG4SvfnLsusWI9CHLRxtw/s6016/DSC_0731.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="6016" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEYYN-WHYTqNno1F1lfY2y3zuU1B0bp9CNNZpPmNSH-w0G5B-7cZ7jjYV4tKEpLiJpx2YfX1EPAiwWw0MiIuwuNIyBY4VZI1_2hAHdrZXmtlMwbMWQIUn4fLEG4SvfnLsusWI9CHLRxtw/w400-h266/DSC_0731.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd0W2a479nBu8Sm4S8Qtz66j9g7EwgOLxk30vhwbdS7jb_qAViJBFiDD253hoYlcQKPVD0HHGlUW4OCB32_k2InW0OA5lPDL507UU4C40dKzXFvE1CRE88qg62_QJs3oFqxJJgiDnc2WM/s6016/DSC_0735.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="6016" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd0W2a479nBu8Sm4S8Qtz66j9g7EwgOLxk30vhwbdS7jb_qAViJBFiDD253hoYlcQKPVD0HHGlUW4OCB32_k2InW0OA5lPDL507UU4C40dKzXFvE1CRE88qg62_QJs3oFqxJJgiDnc2WM/w400-h266/DSC_0735.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIn3DqnQ9SYN1iJ1h83PdcIqyMeobci9Q0VbTuIhoRZStQ8j1sfLMxTrS52o9o20h6QYwunD2otKQOQ_ZiQy1HAyZGCJkiUddOrlpdyt-S8-U9Trjw_oj10Hke37dpp_W6KGxRurpzeL8/s6016/DSC_0739.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="6016" data-original-width="4000" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIn3DqnQ9SYN1iJ1h83PdcIqyMeobci9Q0VbTuIhoRZStQ8j1sfLMxTrS52o9o20h6QYwunD2otKQOQ_ZiQy1HAyZGCJkiUddOrlpdyt-S8-U9Trjw_oj10Hke37dpp_W6KGxRurpzeL8/w266-h400/DSC_0739.JPG" width="266" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5I5Jvclj5x7uxaEOt2Zwcv4xONBg5jiLz0e2oU8M9yZSfapKrfd8P7V8pbKZ6_8L-kvmBmpIEhuQd6gUeUBwcjc_qt4N4LsdrUgrc58sE2PW9VoUdU0ZdckDijFkVmOM9o_TkXwKX6xI/s6016/DSC_0745.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="6016" data-original-width="4000" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5I5Jvclj5x7uxaEOt2Zwcv4xONBg5jiLz0e2oU8M9yZSfapKrfd8P7V8pbKZ6_8L-kvmBmpIEhuQd6gUeUBwcjc_qt4N4LsdrUgrc58sE2PW9VoUdU0ZdckDijFkVmOM9o_TkXwKX6xI/w266-h400/DSC_0745.JPG" width="266" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The end of the Pilgrimage at the Church of Our Lady of the Assumption in Renkum.</i></span> <br /></div></div>Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-83701235949827888662021-04-19T16:19:00.001+02:002021-04-19T16:19:00.226+02:00Some more engravings of late medieval Tiroler furniture<p style="text-align: justify;">In this post I would like to show some more furniture pieces from the plates in the books '<a href="https://thomasguild.blogspot.com/2021/04/a-late-medieval-woodwork-book.html">Die Zimmergotik in Deutsch Tirol</a>' by Franz Paukert. As previously mentioned, due to my scanner size limit each plate consists of two scans that are 'glued'
together.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHs8Dnl7zUHZg7MZFe0y4oObWfleLZlvFWJlY_JKmfA07VtEylyc6K0wYg0Ok1IEy2aQJTrM__dsUHOrTTkGoIxmfGXnlhbJT2UjnkO3KeCb0BWaP82YE2RLX2n9po905-1LxisH5VoOY/s2048/klappbank-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1471" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHs8Dnl7zUHZg7MZFe0y4oObWfleLZlvFWJlY_JKmfA07VtEylyc6K0wYg0Ok1IEy2aQJTrM__dsUHOrTTkGoIxmfGXnlhbJT2UjnkO3KeCb0BWaP82YE2RLX2n9po905-1LxisH5VoOY/w460-h640/klappbank-1.jpg" width="460" /></a> <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="0"><span>The
bench (with turnable backrest) and the chest, two works of Tyrolean
joinery that are already being sought out of the country, are shown with
the use of dimensional sketches and photographs </span></span></span><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="0"><span>made available</span></span></span><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="0"><span> to the publisher by Mr. Ueberbacher from Bolzano, Italy.</span></span></span></i></span> </p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="de" data-phrase-index="0"><span></span></span></span><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="de" data-phrase-index="2"><span></span></span></span> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPm5CVY7HHVb5GXDWzJcgXyFsPiRR6tppJCAWnAnVmao69wegRkHSoFunzx9adEr4_4tj00OdDlixxYBbL3-67pM4WL757Wd9VlqGvkL4k6hmGLuKbCPXYUtcj14T7a7-nF3wqn3AKzng/s2048/bett-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1367" data-original-width="2048" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPm5CVY7HHVb5GXDWzJcgXyFsPiRR6tppJCAWnAnVmao69wegRkHSoFunzx9adEr4_4tj00OdDlixxYBbL3-67pM4WL757Wd9VlqGvkL4k6hmGLuKbCPXYUtcj14T7a7-nF3wqn3AKzng/w640-h428/bett-1.jpg" width="640" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="aCOpRe"><span>Canopy bed from the Castello Principesco, or Landfurstliche Burg, Merano, Italy.</span></span></i></span> <br /></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwkn7utYQxeX0IdbLTHKM8ny_7PJQSvxoM-cFv8CQfB21U-xtCl7HX5L0cOR0fz1QA-rlF8D0EOeW67YNQfvq_4MnSZCBc1n8ZWVTv9LepDuZbkWU9Q3gptsiO4ikDB_UKUbkXaVMaN8I/s2048/faltstuhle-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1461" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwkn7utYQxeX0IdbLTHKM8ny_7PJQSvxoM-cFv8CQfB21U-xtCl7HX5L0cOR0fz1QA-rlF8D0EOeW67YNQfvq_4MnSZCBc1n8ZWVTv9LepDuZbkWU9Q3gptsiO4ikDB_UKUbkXaVMaN8I/w456-h640/faltstuhle-2.jpg" width="456" /></a></div><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="de" data-phrase-index="0"><span>These two folding chairs are in the Figdor collection in Vienna.</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="de" data-phrase-index="1"><span>One
of them (Figure A), coming from Bozen, shows the old, quilted leather
seat belt and its shape is reminiscent of the faldistorium of the
women's monastery on the Nonnberg near Salzburg.</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="de" data-phrase-index="2"><span>The
armchair of Figure B, like the previous one, has crossed legs but with
partially suspected monkey- and crab-like knobs and comes from St.</span></span> </i></span><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="de" data-phrase-index="3"><span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Michael
in Eppau. (The Figdor collection was auctioned in the early 20th
century; the auction catalogues can still be found in second hand book
stores)</i></span><br /></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="0"><span> </span></span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiszoSVNq-uLzevJ3EjB4VDQnIJKHYFuF6fmuNG6_5D91jkBbwBuKsn7mw9eWabZjxP8SX9sLwYxkIZITvdIoeWKOkN6AIgItmgbdZJWsp_ZdZv4o6Gb7EwaH4v5iAEdM28HWWbKMJbpCA/s2048/schrank-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1446" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiszoSVNq-uLzevJ3EjB4VDQnIJKHYFuF6fmuNG6_5D91jkBbwBuKsn7mw9eWabZjxP8SX9sLwYxkIZITvdIoeWKOkN6AIgItmgbdZJWsp_ZdZv4o6Gb7EwaH4v5iAEdM28HWWbKMJbpCA/w452-h640/schrank-1.jpg" width="452" /></a></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="de" data-phrase-index="0"><span>On the other hand, the design of this cabinet does not differ insignificantly from the usual furniture shapes.</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="de" data-phrase-index="1"><span>The
straight end of the upper frieze, the framing of the door wing and the
somewhat clumsy ornamentation characterize the piece as a late form of
medieval art.</span></span></span> </i></span><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCiJS7BZu3zZlq4NoGB1iglBftKiWFp7hYj-IYVlCwgBEVcmDK86SRIyGfHqVA6MVi2ZUiTc8thGA9gxn7rQ0ffJbFcFkvcUJsRJoeJuZaijAxPmVzoIEGuVTDX3oJPjwVghfHmdZIzJs/s2048/schrank-3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1409" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCiJS7BZu3zZlq4NoGB1iglBftKiWFp7hYj-IYVlCwgBEVcmDK86SRIyGfHqVA6MVi2ZUiTc8thGA9gxn7rQ0ffJbFcFkvcUJsRJoeJuZaijAxPmVzoIEGuVTDX3oJPjwVghfHmdZIzJs/w440-h640/schrank-3.jpg" width="440" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="0"><span>Cabinet
in the possession of Mr. J. Strasser in Merano. In terms of its
origin, this piece of furniture is one of the few surviving pieces of
its kind.</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="1"><span>A
real Tyrolean work and despite its relatively later origins unaffected
by the imitation of architectural details that are so popular elsewhere,
it is evidence of the fact that the Tyrolean carpentry did not tend to
indulge in miniature replicas of the facade construction, but rather
focused on healthy construction</span></span>, <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="2"><span>and
flat cuts, engraving, tracery carved into the wooden base and moderate
painting are the only means to which this cabinet owes its very handsome
appearance.</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="3"><span>The upper and lower parts of the cabinet are firmly connected, and the sides are completely smooth.</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="4"><span>Metal bars never seem to have been there at the door.</span></span></span> Merano, Italy.</i></span><br /></div><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="5"><span> </span></span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBlXtB-q-GDUqYZ8pgR2cXltrf2_N44qm8cyL_U-pwKrwLbzgletXzVcbVaiuZhnI7tYV87G7B8QkXXEpJJr1sEyGGpQaUYhSVshEbkP3fQ-oP-oqP89G95VudkqWsz5rErn7C31hv9OI/s2048/waschkastchen-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1219" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBlXtB-q-GDUqYZ8pgR2cXltrf2_N44qm8cyL_U-pwKrwLbzgletXzVcbVaiuZhnI7tYV87G7B8QkXXEpJJr1sEyGGpQaUYhSVshEbkP3fQ-oP-oqP89G95VudkqWsz5rErn7C31hv9OI/w380-h640/waschkastchen-2.jpg" width="380" /></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="0"><span>Noteworthy
is the simplest possible treatment of the tracery fillings in the wash
basin: flat cuts with a coloured background, as well as the extremely
simple construction of the box, which is common to almost all of this
type of Tyrolean Gothic furniture;</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="1"><span>Jointed
boxes with decorative strips placed in front of them on jointed feet
and finally the almost continuous painting of the ornaments or at least
the flat base of the carved parts. </span></span></span><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="5">Castello Principesco, or Landfurstliche Burg, Merano, Italy.<span> </span></span></span></i></span> <br /></p><p><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="0"><span></span></span><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="1"><span></span></span></span> </p><p><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="de" data-phrase-index="0"><span></span></span></span></p><p><img border="0" data-original-height="1370" data-original-width="2048" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlwJvjH4WjnxjFJKRJrlMfMgRt1fqaRUQ8tZdJQAPYsvhxbGNn0va6VFLg-Vn5QQlJfIhI2PCs8MbbuJast13SnhjpIyVjBkfc8Oc5btlUdHQUKKmnyXXkNqEd1y6ZmXavjeNRbxRr7U0/w640-h428/Truhe-1.jpg" width="640" /> </p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>A chest owned by the bookstore owner F. Plant in Merano. In spite of its extremely simple structure and in spite of its decoration reminiscent of the Romanesque period, it was found to be of a rather late origin and proof that the Tyrolean gothic art did not reluctantly fall back on very early roots. The lid of the cest is not connected to the other part of the chest by iron hinges, but by wooden pegs which function as axes of rotation, and go through the lateral gripping strips and the sides of the chest.<br /><br />Among the increase in the number of furniture pieces of the Landfurstliche Burg in Merano over the last few years, the furniture shown in whole or in part on the plates above and below is the most important. The legs of the chests belong to the box, which differs little from the already known pieces of a similar kind and only in the ornaments and the exposition of the fields on the front. </i></span><br /></p><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzpPqbm-cyxdhAM8JuUkwGo765O7YBR6oLDe95fOr8sHSvjjIHkZi-cHE777xDU0nXTcmbJ_fDe4MVoFqJVEoWg34MWF-evQM7si2cblWoUo_mHFqRWhLXJksLkAxu-hR4X35tT5NsIs0/s2048/Truhefusse.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1462" data-original-width="2048" height="456" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzpPqbm-cyxdhAM8JuUkwGo765O7YBR6oLDe95fOr8sHSvjjIHkZi-cHE777xDU0nXTcmbJ_fDe4MVoFqJVEoWg34MWF-evQM7si2cblWoUo_mHFqRWhLXJksLkAxu-hR4X35tT5NsIs0/w640-h456/Truhefusse.jpg" width="640" /></a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"> </p>Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-59250932179414597532021-04-05T16:40:00.003+02:002023-02-16T19:53:53.469+01:00A late medieval woodwork book<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPhQZ8gTHTB9L1Q2qv5Dj0Vrp1R_AAt3JfSmWLig1eCHoqqFSBNuJ67WkMiMPZtO2uLrJvhadDIvMZmz5YxQF09Ogzg9UHIKePHq8yCpnmrXuLsyQ4MEU-_5oO1IizOG37WwEhGH_LEiU/s2048/voorkant-boek.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1373" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPhQZ8gTHTB9L1Q2qv5Dj0Vrp1R_AAt3JfSmWLig1eCHoqqFSBNuJ67WkMiMPZtO2uLrJvhadDIvMZmz5YxQF09Ogzg9UHIKePHq8yCpnmrXuLsyQ4MEU-_5oO1IizOG37WwEhGH_LEiU/w430-h640/voorkant-boek.jpg" width="430" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Recently I bought an antique set of seven 'books' on 'Die Zimmergotik in Deutsch Tirol [late medieval woodwork in Tirol] by Franz Paukert. They were published between 1890 to 1903 and contain many superb engravings on the late medieval woodwork and furniture from Italian and Austrian Tirol. Each of the books contain 32 engraved plates of around A3 size and a similar sized booklet of a few pages containing the descriptions. The engravings are printed in a reddish-brown colour, black, and even some are printed in green ink. My set of books is not complete, a few plates are missing, and some others are damaged, but this caused the lot to be at an affordable price. What makes this book so interesting is that the engravings are very detailed, some engravings focus even on details of the construction. Furthermore, the engravings show a rule, so you actually have the dimensions of the woodwork.</p><p style="text-align: left;">
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1181" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1y60u_SGce-XJ4jfxCACQDmlRfdL67JJRJNqAhSYegDTCNM8nMF7fj86u6jgEu29gupTXiEdG0ETFHE1LDZFTReP6OYyWLwML1nyLapRGlWQG8dsNBusP3XE8nKAgSrh2tmpskrU1lMw/s320/boeken-dicht.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="830" data-original-width="1181" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvWHu5IvZlS6MCodYBsOGzvHxVd9fiBEvgrEc9SqQ4Xjd-h65HZAxaHCs6iRLVfyM0fmiJb4Q0cHETJeLZv6-plF-ZRPttLqs-hDWV5lqD5ADwq_A3RovgujrzS77ggPobo7qT6OBr9Pw/s320/boek-open.jpg" /><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> The seven books contain 32 loose printed engravings and a thin booklet with the descriptions.</i></span></div><br />
<p></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Though many plates show furniture pieces, most of the plates concern other carved woodwork, like doors, wooden panelling, ceilings, etc. Also the ironwork on the woodwork is focussed on several plates: hinges, locks, door knockers. Also a few designs of medieval wall drawings are shown. To give you an idea of the furniture included in the book, some of the plates are given below with their original (translated) comments. As my scanner has an A4 limit, each plate consists of two scans are 'glued' together.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_NIaphcNdK0hanV33ZJhsle-gBw5faPca5uuuj9Tph0yQD3ZG2_vPjQxaIc1At6wAWmmpJ1dk7QJenYTqQlm8U5luH2BQqf9zxxY_r_RO3e9rf1RZBKOle2zBvP4MSWDqGvM5-R-1p9Y/s2048/faltstuhle-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1635" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_NIaphcNdK0hanV33ZJhsle-gBw5faPca5uuuj9Tph0yQD3ZG2_vPjQxaIc1At6wAWmmpJ1dk7QJenYTqQlm8U5luH2BQqf9zxxY_r_RO3e9rf1RZBKOle2zBvP4MSWDqGvM5-R-1p9Y/w510-h640/faltstuhle-1.jpg" width="510" /></a> <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="de" data-phrase-index="0"><span>Folding chairs from Campan Castle (</span></span></span><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="de" data-phrase-index="0"><span><span class="LrzXr">Bressanone</span>, Italy) and Bolzano (Italy).</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="de" data-phrase-index="1"><span>Movable gothic seating has hardly come across us in Tyrol.</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="de" data-phrase-index="2"><span>The depicted examples present a form that has hardly been used at least in the German part of the country. Its form has been borrowed from the late Gothic stock of Italian decorative art. Both armchairs are made of beech wood and almost only differ from one another in the cross-section of the ribs.</span></span></span></i></span><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl4qODdRXtxRV2EmBCniyMutW4tI_upTaG9KQhlMexV4Kso4-Ownv11_5-pD07jab_ltIboZaXJd5VbkuNXhCbEpT-YAdG0tYTKcdElibBl-kfgEoLyAetlyfbhSh-y6IZeTzMf1L0XA8/s2048/bett-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1433" data-original-width="2048" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl4qODdRXtxRV2EmBCniyMutW4tI_upTaG9KQhlMexV4Kso4-Ownv11_5-pD07jab_ltIboZaXJd5VbkuNXhCbEpT-YAdG0tYTKcdElibBl-kfgEoLyAetlyfbhSh-y6IZeTzMf1L0XA8/w640-h448/bett-2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="0"><span>Despite the extremely heavy shapes, this object is not uninteresting because of its structure.</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="1"><span>The basic ornaments of the crenellated canopy are very lively in the drawing and emphasized in colour. Burg Reifenstein, </span></span></span><span class="LrzXr">Campo di Trens, Italy.</span></i></span><br /></div> <div><p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-Ak4GbCJj8o1V8EKYX1n3moIqZBrB8mdd-gWw6-ZKmp5OrIja7lJSriFoPxQQqbpfVz3o7frv1YNcrYZTmNrllcYHXkO3QihFB-82_YJ0I1IC3CMmL27vZypSDV-tEvJj4CtDw1rC0Vk/s2048/gitter.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1437" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-Ak4GbCJj8o1V8EKYX1n3moIqZBrB8mdd-gWw6-ZKmp5OrIja7lJSriFoPxQQqbpfVz3o7frv1YNcrYZTmNrllcYHXkO3QihFB-82_YJ0I1IC3CMmL27vZypSDV-tEvJj4CtDw1rC0Vk/w450-h640/gitter.jpg" width="450" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="0"><span>The whole lattice, consisting of four rectangular parts with a common pointed arch, is mainly formed of openwork tracery.</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="1"><span>The fillings are red, yellow or blue, while the carved frames are painted green. Burg Reifenstein, </span></span></span><span class="LrzXr">Campo di Trens, Italy.</span></i></span> </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><p></p><p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2_HirTe4VbRelst_006f45GC7iUbfWkoMSKqpi2U7Y8fBW-MwnIxfOEi173bGLFNHkWC0k8KCAKm9po2Tpkk1kNwETD7QfAvL23stJaeG96U-DHWe5WYn5SEJIgALLuxE1sbegXYm8c0/s2048/lichtweibchen-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1430" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2_HirTe4VbRelst_006f45GC7iUbfWkoMSKqpi2U7Y8fBW-MwnIxfOEi173bGLFNHkWC0k8KCAKm9po2Tpkk1kNwETD7QfAvL23stJaeG96U-DHWe5WYn5SEJIgALLuxE1sbegXYm8c0/w446-h640/lichtweibchen-1.jpg" width="446" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="0"><span>Tratzberg also conveyed a gothic light woman - a unique item for this country - to the present.</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="1"><span>The engravings reproduce the colour-coded model in front and side views to such an extent that the composition clearly </span></span></span><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="1"><span><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="1"><span>can be </span></span></span>recognized.</span></span></span> Schloss Tratzberg, </i></span><span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Jenbach, Austria.</i></span><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtxqj3_P5sX5T-AQxoJairaFL7vvB26lhnpBHzKUFsCvCb-642cxkg-UcMnAOpvvXCcOzLDgU65NIObr_i6SpptC3FWgBsnFOOQszbJuBDvWBJr-_rFPlkmcTsX1eVFEadRy06rr10i54/s2048/schrank-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1475" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtxqj3_P5sX5T-AQxoJairaFL7vvB26lhnpBHzKUFsCvCb-642cxkg-UcMnAOpvvXCcOzLDgU65NIObr_i6SpptC3FWgBsnFOOQszbJuBDvWBJr-_rFPlkmcTsX1eVFEadRy06rr10i54/w460-h640/schrank-2.jpg" width="460" /></a></div><p style="text-align: center;"><i><span class="VIiyi" lang="en" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="0"><span>In this piece we encounter a very attractive achievement of gothic small art.</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="1"><span>The wood of the stone pine, which is used almost everywhere in Tyrol, served as material for the work.</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="2"><span>The background of the freely treated ornaments as well as that underlaid with the tracery fillings is blue.</span></span> A<span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="3"><span>ll of the rods of the epiglottis resemble cords made of dark and light wires.</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="4"><span>It's just a shame that the work suffered more than it gained from a restoration that was carried out decades ago.</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="5"><span>A newer, much too low base and completely nonsensical, admittedly neglected elements on the crenellated wreath today spoil the impression of the whole cabinet.</span></span></span></i><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHC4w86vFRetIDtfXVl5EWnYgls77bbXPVJY6zZtY-r44NyQvH-DLCqnVbKINz1e8U4KOgrW2VTNKKgfl3Fkak4wgTQf9aj244H5fYZxb_U009e8Lp-wZr-nPDSHNztXlDnRG69NiYx4o/s2048/stuhl.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1416" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHC4w86vFRetIDtfXVl5EWnYgls77bbXPVJY6zZtY-r44NyQvH-DLCqnVbKINz1e8U4KOgrW2VTNKKgfl3Fkak4wgTQf9aj244H5fYZxb_U009e8Lp-wZr-nPDSHNztXlDnRG69NiYx4o/w442-h640/stuhl.jpg" width="442" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="0"><span>Chair from Tirol castle near Merano (Italy).</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="1"><span>In his art history of Tyrol and Vorarlberg, Atz describes this piece of furniture as one of the oldest chairs in the country.</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="2"><span>At present, the chair shown has a praying desk in front, which, on closer inspection, reveals itself to be a new addition.</span></span> T<span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="3"><span>he ornament on the rear wall of the chair is engraved, the decoration on the crown is flat-cut.</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="4"><span>The two side walls show different contours.</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="5"><span>The only thing to note about the construction of the furniture, which can be seen in full from the drawing, is that the seat can be uplifted.</span></span></span></i></span> <br /></p><p><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="0"><span></span></span><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="1"><span></span></span></span> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRF4jiPSq0x6UlVUkwOHWerUB6Z7HQYS4srh1uYr_Z1G-9Pf0NTNnaEmTLdtpTz1YMkqlBRP6h2nk3GT8uZ8OTpNQwFLzuf0atZ_dtSkjnX8tMBgVSLxRX7MEFAR_YtRKOrcKPx0ls6Lg/s2048/tisch-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1431" data-original-width="2048" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRF4jiPSq0x6UlVUkwOHWerUB6Z7HQYS4srh1uYr_Z1G-9Pf0NTNnaEmTLdtpTz1YMkqlBRP6h2nk3GT8uZ8OTpNQwFLzuf0atZ_dtSkjnX8tMBgVSLxRX7MEFAR_YtRKOrcKPx0ls6Lg/w640-h448/tisch-1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="de" data-phrase-index="0"><span>The table comes from Burgeis in the upper Vintschgau and has only recently been found in the collection of the Merano Museum Association, along with several wood carvings and carpentry work of religious origin.</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="de" data-phrase-index="1"><span>It is well preserved and only supplemented in some places.</span></span></span> </i></span></p><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1VE2J4Xlk0goAiNvN3pqGMLqdp_voHk-lTnycs47wMLB3SqP-xh1KaLdUVBLnfjJVG-xRW9O_hWYeCT1mBNvuNYkou_RywvhY7uTdrO3MuOtcVb9Saqs7tbD0AIm8ZTzWgQGEL3m3GkE/s2048/truhe-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1473" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1VE2J4Xlk0goAiNvN3pqGMLqdp_voHk-lTnycs47wMLB3SqP-xh1KaLdUVBLnfjJVG-xRW9O_hWYeCT1mBNvuNYkou_RywvhY7uTdrO3MuOtcVb9Saqs7tbD0AIm8ZTzWgQGEL3m3GkE/w460-h640/truhe-2.jpg" width="460" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="0"><span>Chest from the collection of the antiquarian Alois Ueberbacher in Bolzano, Italy.</span></span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="1"><span>The chest is of particular interest, taken from the daily changing material of its owner: the one due to the charm of the varied decoration, this one due to the way the tracery is treated.</span></span></span></i></span> <br /></div><p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0oq9pI8gTc5r9tXOPYJhD6EawytLER5eV2jMI0iNFw7R6kTBSHPn7Mo_5W7RDDkGerWjyNiUPDmmaEEDvQcjnYQyjEhofX-IS-nlE2kC9HoLfI2rTL5AOtjj5sArMFmrl17XvRl4GIe8/s2048/waschkastchen.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1248" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0oq9pI8gTc5r9tXOPYJhD6EawytLER5eV2jMI0iNFw7R6kTBSHPn7Mo_5W7RDDkGerWjyNiUPDmmaEEDvQcjnYQyjEhofX-IS-nlE2kC9HoLfI2rTL5AOtjj5sArMFmrl17XvRl4GIe8/w390-h640/waschkastchen.jpg" width="390" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="auto" data-phrase-index="0"><span>Of what the Fugger room holds in the form of movable household items, one is easily identified as a cabinet holding a wash basin.Schloss Trazberg, Jenbach, Austria.</span></span></span></i></span></div></div>Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-66211791465704440432021-02-14T17:23:00.004+01:002021-02-14T17:23:57.589+01:00Meddling with madder - part 2<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtyaAZzxWiZtgsH2hgvgNG7p6txKljT0Wkps042kPkta2jLUncMhPuon4QsRmVgPE5c6hbJB1f13Tf4uOqW9hBpjiwObNLZCYjn2_73UzmY19nuQa8l3nXy_4jUDezHl66rcTwP5bQ5Ak/s2048/madder-kleurreeks+24+h.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1082" data-original-width="2048" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtyaAZzxWiZtgsH2hgvgNG7p6txKljT0Wkps042kPkta2jLUncMhPuon4QsRmVgPE5c6hbJB1f13Tf4uOqW9hBpjiwObNLZCYjn2_73UzmY19nuQa8l3nXy_4jUDezHl66rcTwP5bQ5Ak/w536-h284/madder-kleurreeks+24+h.jpg" width="536" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> The results of the dilution test after 24 hours in the madder solution.</i></span><br /></div><div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;">With the first experiment on colouring antler with madder done, the basic recipe was elucidated. The next step was to determine which strength of solution led to which red colour strength. To do this a set dilutions was made. So, to recapitulate, the basic recipe was:<br /></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Pre-soaking antler for 1 hour in water<br /></li><li>Make madder solution with 4 gram sodium in 400 ml water (a 1% solution) + 5% WOF madder extract for 1 hour at 60 degrees Celsius</li><li>Antler for 2 hours in madder solution at 60 degrees Celsius</li><li>Cool down for 24 hours in madder solution</li><li>Rinse with cold water</li></ul><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000;">Dilution test</span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;">For the dilution test a set of five different solutions was made. The basic madder solution was diluted with a 60 degrees Celcius 1% sodium solution in 5 different glass jars:</p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>100% = 200 ml basic madder solution</li><li>50% = 100 ml basic madder solution + 100 ml sodium solution<br /></li><li>30% = 60 ml basic madder solution + 140 ml sodium solution<br /></li><li>20% = 40 ml basic madder solution + 160 ml sodium solution<br /></li><li>10% = 20 ml basic madder solution + 180 ml sodium solution<br /></li></ul><p></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1307" data-original-width="2048" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg684KpiIiR27AVufSySr8DJGlRNCzbEO1iuj3nPk7ZU8OlwuENxt7EBMKEfZXQNHVgjIjGK7w-WeOyfZPe0c6Qe_6Iv2AKWUesru8kEJ2yUVBkQ8WuG4s9J1mrKHTAyZbW-Ivft8WEXtc/w449-h286/madder-kleurreeks-2h.jpg" width="449" /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The results of the dilution test directly after 2 hours at 60 degrees C. The (quarter) antler pieces are at the back, while the elongated bone pieces are at the front.</i></span></div></div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;">As I also had some (cow) bone pieces leftover from making soup, these were added as well to the test. The antler and bone responded differently to the dilution test. The bone produced a much lighter shade of red than the antler. This could be due to the fact that the bone was still 'fatty', and thus less able to absorb the madder. Or it might be that (cow) bone is less able to absorb the madder than antler. The 50% solution looked most agreeable to me, having a full red colour and not being too dark red. This solution was chosen for the production of the coloured tablemen.</p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000;">Finalisation</span></h2><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;">The results of the actual colouring of the tablemen were not as straightforward as thought. The coloured antler game pieces had different shades of red, giving it a spotted appearance. Also, a wet solution brings out the fibres (just like wood), giving the game piece a slightly rough texture. Especially, the porous inside of the antler produces the most 'rough' texture and needs sanding to make it smooth again. The first game piece was sanded to much, and blank bits appeared. Therefore, I repeated the colouring procedure on the same game pieces in order to darken and recolour the light coloured spots. The result was that the game pieces were now a dark red colour.</p>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1364" data-original-width="2048" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRoBBjVTgpdlqyEEWNLCBKrTBQn1YWh1dT2iEF0aY8fwnISGFy8kMBxO5kMb6n2ORZU3Odeut9d5CNhQ5hlCbvC_uOtwF6q62wpHhtSCm9_kgtczCc00dNonqKIvkU2u5gUyFhE3vikdg/w284-h185/doorsnede-antler.jpg" width="284" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1044" data-original-width="1942" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgV7h9OM4bDi9G678k_5U3FGQ-KZQrU_DG9eTqilGoR2kEygHDykp0u_CXFG1CFEIUAkBAzCYoRHd9I5q1IOq6OkaQX-gUlXnNvWAvhQFWha53YYgycGul6gjp2CRQAqf2Vv-N1mCraQs/w342-h185/doorsnede-antler-bone.jpg" width="342" /> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> When you saw the test pieces in half you can see that the madder colour consists only of a small layer on the bone and antler. only on the porous part it invades further into the tissue.</i></span><br /></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="778" data-original-width="1575" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0f1e6LbwDPe-LvQNGJ1dhUaL2AueGqP3lNxKEYbN4yzDgfWQNhvDCAL3jByXhOy_0D6NhyMZkNELV_oyOyqMwtfTbtSFHuQyG-Wr8u98axCpRJobpA3e2tWvOBa15_wO5YeT31xwYG3g/w548-h271/wet-game-pieces.jpg" width="548" />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The wet tablemen showing a spotty colouring.</i></span><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: justify;">When the tablemen were dry, the porous parts were carefully sanded with a 320 grid sanding paper, after which the complete gaming piece was polished with a cotton polishing wheel. Afterwards the piece was oiled with walnut oil, just as it was described in the 12th century treatise by Theophilus. <br />
</p>
<div style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1242" data-original-width="2048" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRS2X6HeQmiX6_UxN7SbnxE1O5KodZZNcGw75n0-NOZ9OBUe2pGZrsKEhFPZM-6HS5PJdgTwS_Snjo-8-NWPVcsxVVhoOo_PEtuNO9QaX6RyOPOhLoaQbB6ZzjgZ9pm3mP_pxd4HNsHqY/w392-h238/dry-test-pieces.jpg" width="392" />
<i> </i></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The 100% and 50% madder solution test pieces with walnut oil.</i></span></div><div><i> </i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i> </i>
<img border="0" data-original-height="607" data-original-width="1116" height="327" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxCtOIL-TuiFPxAhn9Ecc3SJkRhy4kNfhMplhn5J4LUiNAv3S6moj3KlvGylZqXZTlwDHY5k9cU514PO1NKgThh4-aildzrAToT1MgyF2zLgHe_RKNpS3k7JWrdvJ8XJqlY-AhsaOjN78/w602-h327/walnut+oil+pieces.jpg" width="602" />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Some of the madder coloured and uncoloured antler tablemen after the walnut oil finish.</i></span></div><p></p><p></p>Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-30416155091662707792020-12-11T17:30:00.000+01:002020-12-13T14:23:27.839+01:00Meddling with madder - part 1<div><p style="text-align: justify;">I have been quite intrigued by the red coloured medieval tablemen that are found in the different museum collections around the world (for instance the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Museum für Angewandte Kunst Köln, among others). How were these pieces coloured and is this easy to reproduce? The how was easily answered, as the monk Theophilus provides a recipe in his book 'On divers arts' which was written around 1122 - a similar date as most of the red game pieces, which were manufactured in workshops in Cologne, Germany.</p>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1857" data-original-width="1746" height="251" idth="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3Ava9wDitAqs9Wo5sid-Ahyphenhyphen9YHHO7Yjw2oxkq4QgMn25AKpEGG06bcDudTfKGIFdmZgM8XBPfzs9wB57AOe7SBitvRXtkqzDSqyUGRZ_583A1BjlMNvZGNGYJD4yGh4Smf6QDIu610D4/w236-h251/samson+met+1.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1848" data-original-width="1815" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx8ThnDkqIpXWCPhK974R-forWruQfQUMEfSc6KmhZ33Gd2HqG2dJ9o3yzCehmFGwxZ_ab54bsfTaXFqOn-PRkpoHe7i29EYWgXADD6xAU3WsgUNwdQxjz3qdE_ELf3HtE6uV6y4kyeQM/w250-h255/samson+met+3.jpg" /><br />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1101" data-original-width="2048" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHb4ECVS82n8EM9B3pO-9iCBptnGVgiBcqQaCb4Iw871F9Qozu-FJM7mPg8SwIwamTVeb6vNDmhuUSJb5JUdutYXrpe5XURqEZl2BeKeWn_U5eoCc3aKWoKXHnwuNrfVo3c7voZ6I-Gp0/w252-h135/samson+met+2.jpg" /></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>A game piece with Samson slaying the Philistines with the jawbone of an ass. Madder coloured walrus ivory. 6.3 by 1.3 cm. Made in Germany around 1140-1150. Photo Metropolitan Museum of Art, Cloisters, New York, NY, USA.</i></span><br /></div><div></div><div> </div><div>Theophilus writes in Chapter 94 of his book:<br /><p></p><p><i><b>'</b>There is also a plant called madder, whose root is long, thin, and reddish. After it is dug up, it is dried in the sun and pounded in a mortar with a ball. Then lye is poured over it and it is cooked in a raw pot. When it has boiled well, if the bone of an elephant or a fish or a stag is put in it, it will become red. from these bones or horns knops can also be made on the lathe for the staves of bishops and smaller knops for various useful objects. When you have turned these with sharp tools, smooth them with shavegrass. Collect the shavings on a linen cloth and, still turning the lathe, rub them vigourously on the knops which will then become completely shining. You can also polish horn-handles, huntsmen's horns, and [horn] windows in lanterns with sifted ashes on a woolen cloth. But do not forget to smear them finally with walnut oil.'</i></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Of course the bone of an elephant is ivory, the bone of a fish relate to normal animal bone, and the bone of a stag is antler. I am unsure if Theophilus also means that (cow, goat) horns can be stained, as these have a quite different structure more similar to nails and hairs. However, wool for medieval clothing is commonly stained with madder. There is evidence that madder was already cultivated for this purpose in the Netherlands in the 12th century; in later centuries the Dutch madder became famous for its quality.<br /></p>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1431" data-original-width="1471" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFsAiCOsbcVFxu-mHCjaAW8vfdL_vQ3ZR8EsEtGKqnKvC0A3FwoOJaLDVVz33BsTmBCT1K4uTtEefOaOez33Ei92CGjSfBRBZ-aeHY7gZcaZ57JejuZAPpcYfl-zlb8SKfbMv21vjQTwQ/s320/hercules+met+1.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1482" data-original-width="1489" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxh882mEz1a8wSXAU-dFdARU8XcMNyYS9b9smr9PEcxdWIELILLUjU8t_KV6IkQa0k4_Eyq02KgQdBnpA45rSRgW1DSrXKh1GQzuucImfC_pUCrkkv8U_bUl9uXA7QwVQqYwXSdIoD0CI/s320/hercules+met+3.jpg" /><br />
<img border="0" data-original-height="949" data-original-width="1200" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9f-yxYBrPqaA1PWFzqeb7GF6lnIae6SOvWFSCBB2_6i6f4M7Z8XLollsgOkMl-Kkd7SSJBTk3GL0VYT1T-7t7nSK9X8i4dRkJEi3P5nZxYPWtR7hBfA-qMHmldawudujZHzAnZgy04uM/w254-h201/hercules+met+2.jpg" width="254" /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>A similar uncoloured game piece with Hercules throwing Diomedes to his man-eating horses. Elephant ivory. Made in Cologne, Germany around 1150. Diameter 7 by 2 cm. Photo Metropolitan Museum of Art, Cloisters, New York, NY, USA.</i></span><br /></div></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">As I was making a set of alquerque game pieces from antler, I wanted to make one set coloured red. The recipe of Theophilus was not very specific. In fact it looked more like a medieval cooking recipe without amounts. Searching on internet did show many recipes for colouring with madder, but these all concerned wool or cotton, and all are different as regards to amounts of the ingredients. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">A mordant - alum - is needed to fix the red colour to wool. The wool is first treated with the mordant, and then to the colouring solution. For cotton and hemp, both non-animal (plant) fabrics, an extra pretreatment is necessary before the alum. On the other hand Theophilus, as well as the early 18th century scientists do not mention alum at all for bone colouring. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">There are also other steps in the colouring process that need to be considered: temperature influences the colour; a temperature above 82 degrees Celcius turns the red colour into brown (for wool). Hard water (basic pH) increases the intensity of the red colour. The time in the colour solution and the strength of the colour solution influence the outcome as well: the longer, the darker, and more pigments in the solution also make the end result a darker red.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">So what is the best way to colour antler madder red? I decided to do some tests to find out.</div><div><br /></div><div><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000;">The first test</span></h2></div><div><h3 style="text-align: left;"></h3></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Madder powder as well as madder extract was bought from paint mill '<a href="https://www.verfmolendekat.com/en/">De Kat</a>' in the Netherlands. Madder extract has already the red pigments (alizarin and purpurin) from the root extracted, and is sold as a plaque of dried crystals, which needs to be dissolved again. The madder powder is finely ground madder root, from which the madder pigments still need to be extracted before colouring the antler (or wool). I also purchased some alum from 'De Kat'.</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">As a basis I used '<a href="https://naturaldyes.ca/instructions">the Maiwa guide to natural dyes - what they are and how to use them</a>'. This free pdf guide (provided by the Maiwa company which also sells these pigments) provides a very clear description on colouring for each dye and as well as for mordanting. </div><div> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1890" data-original-width="1417" height="355" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHm3uRc7R_Qp3lMYnemFQzfyv9yj06o1fz1AhfE4RJWV5QbmDT-OBO7urHqNBL-fH2zbyBBwWtCQY0SdPTZollxNwxs2Hw4sR87Ip3urOzZJK_tZip2Nlw1KotzLOfHOiaYMrFbuImglk/w267-h355/colour-extracting-test-1.jpg" width="267" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1890" data-original-width="1417" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0wyTKAqd9Uo4IO33sD7CHVsCoBPOgTTivd5JPaLMURiCFvhsjXxbWJ3-AOgjvd2d_m4pfZBwqBWFaYjXLydfY09CNh5iicYSaDt4ED5gS4EqMVxsnn9Yf8OQ_yXODBAa8fQ6fycNYjBI/w267-h356/experimental-setup.jpg" width="267" /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: The two basic madder preparations from powder and extract in the 60 degrees Celcius water bath. Right: the setup in the kitchen with the meat thermometer at 60 degrees.</i></span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The amount of dyestuff needed is based on a percentage of the weight of fibre (WOF), in my case the weight of the antler pieces. For madder powder this is 35-100% WOF, for madder extract this is 3-8% WOF. The antler pieces should be just fully immersed in the solution. So the actual amount of water does not matter, the amount of pigment that is available to the fibre does. I used 50% WOF for the powder and 4% WOF of extract.</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">
<img border="0" data-original-height="1890" data-original-width="1417" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhluO-Es9gBen4w2xUrnt3b5qAz_Hl3QbQRIwhvz7jQb_ODkYVloM1fC1LKEReMrG1Fm-u6DP3SkeuJNq5JIq2GpZ7KbJ6LSdQB2yCN_DR7WijkohCDJ5fjOWkeqTbktjP1jbURlxbTPBo/w267-h356/presoaking-test-1.jpg" width="267" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1890" data-original-width="1417" height="355" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaG6z0xwhGe5MrVcNwlITT0ZmA7RYvUMpA8aP7Vl7QIzo-HXtp4V652DXPMRpAMPRZBqS4tsMbjeSfnyHdjCpAloVVQYhvuwzCD0hJj-jkOlgZjTgohLJxofcr9zmqVX5-qc9K4NAK-fs/w267-h355/set-up-text-1.jpg" width="267" />
</div><div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: Pretreated antler pieces: with water in the glass, or with alum in the plastic box. Right: </i><i>Four smaller test pots in the 60 degrees Celcius water bath.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Half of the antler test pieces were pretreated with alum, 15% WOF (as for wool). The other half was only immersed in water. During mordanting, the solution with the antler pieces was kept around 60 degrees Celcius for one hour. The pots with the solution were heated au-bain-marie (a waterbath) in a pan on a low flame and the temperature was kept in check using a digital meat-thermometer. If the temperature started to rise, a bit of cold water was added to the pan. After one hour, the pots were left to cool.</div><div><br /></div><div></div><div style="text-align: justify;">I made 400 ml of each madder solution. The pots with the madder solution were placed at 60 degrees Celcius for
one hour in the waterbath, as described above. During the hour the
colour of the powdered solution darkened, the extract solution was
quickly dissolved and had a similar dark red colour.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div>Then the pretreated antler pieces were divided over smaller pots and the colouring solutions added. To the pots with antler pieces without alum an extra 2 gram of household sodium was added to each madder solution. The <b>s</b>odium carbonate was used to raise the pH of the solution to see if this influences the intensity of the colour. The test consisted of five pots:</div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Antler mordanted with alum, madder powder solution, with sodium added during cool-down<br /></li><li>Antler mordanted with alum, madder powder solution, no sodium</li><li>Antler mordanted with alum, madder extract solution, with sodium</li><li>Antler with water, madder powder solution, no sodium</li><li>Antler with water, madder extract solution, with sodium</li></ul><p>The pots were kept around 60 degrees Celcius in a waterbath for 2 hours, after which they were left to cool down for 24 hours. Then the antler pieces were rinsed with cold water and dried. </p><p></p><div style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1077" data-original-width="2048" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCe0pEouv6GTgdrEAP6pAhY0MiILLzJwzEHvnZQn97Okjd1vjzRY3rC7qcUUPFYIinpXSbwKscMDBgCnNhfqGMRFvHaW5-c2mxDG12ZDwumZdgRmlgtq2Kt-CMQnqy2N20Ns9jexJdMcA/w413-h217/madder+first+test+after+2+h.jpg" width="413" /><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Colour after 2 h 60 C degrees bath. The darker red coloured pieces on the right are without alum pretreatment and with sodium.</span></i><br /></div><div><p></p><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidk0baWctui7bvnEsbVsY5iwIvOJqyqp2bBu4nQ96NumzThKsqjpjDDlfATQz-Ss7x1gIh45Lfe-1CmCP0Sm-dH80OB4aPrDC-SYTk9nyy_EIBKybXnE-WGfVmWMDlEvcPVh4nKTHhtK4/s2048/24-h-test-pieces-madder-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1203" data-original-width="2048" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidk0baWctui7bvnEsbVsY5iwIvOJqyqp2bBu4nQ96NumzThKsqjpjDDlfATQz-Ss7x1gIh45Lfe-1CmCP0Sm-dH80OB4aPrDC-SYTk9nyy_EIBKybXnE-WGfVmWMDlEvcPVh4nKTHhtK4/w422-h248/24-h-test-pieces-madder-1.jpg" width="422" /></a><br /></div> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The colour after 24 h cool down with the same oder of test pieces. The piece on the far left (powder + S + alum) was treated with sodium during the cool-down period and gained in colour strength.</span></i><br /></div><div><p style="text-align: justify;">As it turned out, mordanting with alum did have no positive effect on the colouring process for antler. Sodium, on the other hand, did. All antler pieces in a solution containing sodium were dark red, the one with sodium added later medium red, while those without were only lightly red coloured. Both the madder extract and the madder powder did colour equally well. Madder powder is cheaper than madder extract, but madder extract is a clearer solution and does not have the risk of the powder grains to become affixed to the antler. So the extract was used for further experimentation (in the next blogpost).<br /></p><div></div><div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000;">A side note</span></h3></div><div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Science also had an early interest in colouring bones red. The first scientific study on the effects of madder on bones is from the early 18 century by M. Du Hamel du Monceau and published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. An observation from a surgeon eating a pig with red bones, led to experiments where pure ground madder was (forcibly) fed to chickens, which died after a few days. Indeed, the chicken bones had become all red, but not the feathers.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbuy8wxSDp4WSew8BXPQWPwnD1eOefJ-_hvit_Vk4GOcWI0aWemNf4KxR-QGm4Ana02bIjAkCGPCAfxid7X70qcXhjWz1O0HhYM-NTQgC9gmtCm4rZMThz6155AJr2VMUwXCFLj8SsD6k/s2048/madder-science.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1366" height="526" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbuy8wxSDp4WSew8BXPQWPwnD1eOefJ-_hvit_Vk4GOcWI0aWemNf4KxR-QGm4Ana02bIjAkCGPCAfxid7X70qcXhjWz1O0HhYM-NTQgC9gmtCm4rZMThz6155AJr2VMUwXCFLj8SsD6k/w350-h526/madder-science.jpg" width="350" /></a></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Nowadays the synthetic red pigment (alizarin) that is also found in madder is still used to study the growth of bones and their calcium deposits.</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Diaphonisated Smooth newt (Triturus vulgaris). Short-term xylene treatment. Cartilage area (white arrows), ossified structures (black arrows). Bar = 5 mm." class="figure-details-image__main-image" height="370" itemprop="contentUrl" src="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alex_Atanasoff/publication/320357754/figure/fig3/AS:631668608077833@1527612940129/Diaphonisated-Smooth-newt-Triturus-vulgaris-Short-term-xylene-treatment-Cartilage.png" width="503" /><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Smooth newt (</i>Triturus vulgaris<i>) with bone coloured with alizarin. Bar = 5 mm. </i></span><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b>Sources</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>G.C.H. Derksen (2001) Red, redder, madder. Analysis and isolation of anthraquinones from madder roots (<i>Rubia tinctorum</i>). PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen the Netherlands. <a href="https://edepot.wur.nl/197629">https://edepot.wur.nl/197629</a>.</li><li>M. Du Hamel du Monceau (1739) Observations and experiments with madder-root, which has the faculty of tinging the bones of living animals of a red colour, by M. Du Hamel du Monceau, F.R.S. & c. Communicated in a letter to Sir Hans Sloane, Bart. Pr. R.S. Translated from the French by T.S. M.D.F.R.S. The Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions Vol. 41, pp. 390-406. <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/104301 ">https://www.jstor.org/stable/104301 </a></li><li>Antje Kluge-Pinsker (1991) Schach und Trictrac. Zeugnisse mittelalterlicher Spielfreunde in salischer Zeit. Jan Thorbecke, Germany.</li><li>Vivian B. Mann (1977) Romanesque ivory tablemen. PhD thesis, New York University, New York, USA.</li><li>Theophilus (1122) On diverse arts. Translated by J.G. Hawthorne and C.S. Smith (1979) Dover Publishing, Garden City, NY, USA.</li><li>The Maiwa guide to natural dyes - what they are and how to use them. <a href="https://naturaldyes.ca/instructions">https://naturaldyes.ca/instructions </a></li></ul></div>Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-51880083245199821802020-11-29T16:58:00.002+01:002020-11-29T16:58:39.021+01:00A curious medieval chess/backgammon board<p><img border="0" data-original-height="235" data-original-width="514" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjphy5GMrLpVtZKkrLUJ8tbcfLpMvHHTZqS0L2xKPJH6lMFV9Qy969kJADJ5jtFGPE9qxoiYPKlK9lR7N6lP_BSEHWE5peYjuv-ndNPZOCcCVuGIFq90_HMGlip9SbkBTqF9VvOAGP_zfE/w640-h292/welscher+gast.png" width="640" /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>A game of "strip"-backgammon in manuscript. Welscher Gast by Thomasin von Zerklaere. Around 1256, Bayern, Germany. Codex Pal germ 389. Folio 11v . <a href="http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/touch/cpg389/#page/35">University Library, Heidelberg, Germany</a>.</i></span><br /></p><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="tBJ dyH iFc MF7 pBj DrD IZT swG"><span class="tBJ dyH iFc MF7 pBj DrD IZT swG">Actually
this post is not about the unusual variant of the medieval backgammon
or tric-trac game where the players strip during play as shown by these two illuminations. So far no rules
have been published on this variant, although more illustrations of this
type of play exist (a Roman glass and other copies of the 'Welscher Gast'. Presumably, one could lose a piece of garment if a game piece is taken by the opponent.<br /></span></span><br style="text-align: center;" /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="tBJ dyH iFc MF7 pBj DrD IZT swG">
<img border="0" data-original-height="544" data-original-width="819" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmwJYF3bzdBYI0fcANK8Cn3_lINIQJphLLzIF2wGPBm01CsKu7nox8cAEVMtgJ7jIoYYHAsIJUBgypH_AUMtLyX5Ih09yonxkcX5nSjKR4dqRhd3ne_6XAPeoLqc4i_xFAqSBLBJ8bsLc/w400-h266/Screenshot_2020-11-29+Pinterest.png" width="400" /></span> <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>A game of "strip"-backgammon in manuscript. Welscher Gast by Thomasin von Zerklaere, </i></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Cod. Memb. I 120, folio 12v. Around 1340. <a href="https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/fbg_membI120/0026">Forschungsbibliothek, Gotha, Germany</a>. </i></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span>
<img border="0" data-original-height="969" data-original-width="2340" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyP1m4uAx_QyZvh0vcHDzXhOdI0VaA7h7WBOhs0JUtXeoMrNry8cebdMPQHPc17ZJwQ6A6uC7K9OGDnCRZqiFzx6cPD5JmBLYKMQX3RXqHKdTVZtOe1sBWztjpWq05OZelvyvqIDQA6Oc/w640-h266/Museo-de-Leon.jpg" width="640" />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The 15th century chess and backgammon board in the Museo de Leon, Leon, Spain. </i></span> </p><p style="text-align: justify;">I encountered an image of a 15th century chess and backgammon board from the Museo de Leon in Leon, Spain in a book that was curiously constructed. The board looks to be made of wood, with an extra rim on the sides. One side contains the backgammon board with 12 inlaid triangles on each side. The rim is smooth. The other side contains a 8 by 8 squares chess board, but here two of the rims have twelve half-round holes. They are decorative and do not have a function on the chess board. Hoever the half-round holes are reminiscent of the Spanish backgammon boards in Le Juegos of Alphonso X 'the wise' of 1283. The twelve half-round holes correspond to the twelve triangles of the backgammon board, and the backgammon game pieces will snugly fit in the holes. I think it is likely that the person who made the game board made a mistake during its construction and put the rim for the backgammon board on the wrong side.</p><p style="text-align: center;"> <img border="0" data-original-height="388" data-original-width="519" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJRyQ06xujlBvKLhE_ELOiFxuJzXW7EcpjVxuixWxjHtXYvpDsHJQP4Ul-Xgf52uh6zgnDHRWkp4VqCWSRJ5wIDP6kYaQQEDkhmGhPjwG2sL6GCVOZMvZ5pliGUViSEGgUdEs118Sogic/w400-h299/Alfonso-seis-dos-as.jpg" width="400" />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The game of seis, dos, y as from the Libro de los juegos of Alphonso X the Wise. 1283. Folio 75 verso. </i></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Note the board with the half-round holes to hold the game pieces.</i></span></p>Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4996432166551690323.post-55567741350981852712020-10-11T21:44:00.000+02:002020-10-11T21:44:53.952+02:00The backside story<p style="text-align: justify;">Normally, when you visit a castle or a museum and look at the furniture, you will only see the front and sides. Only rarely you will see a glimpse of the backside of a chest or an armoire, or equally rare, the inside of the storage compartments of the said furniture pieces. I was therefore happy to discover that some of the medieval furniture on sale at the Prunier Auction of 11 October 2020 in France also did show the backsides. Aside from these auction pieces, I will also show some medieval furniture where I was able to examine the backsides myself. </p>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1179" data-original-width="1000" height="337" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZbrPMhXmRlcvWPWv3_J40_zYJYGWz2IhqIk-Wde7obzImTVkcg0PS0W2f_O_7KJ-Q7j_cYDBxHcM77tbW2eXfqjp5thzkVTOyIpF8K7BHTDmxFfqce72TPA3VkrKA8jrQlfhhcDn81cY/w285-h337/H0857-L226362403_original.jpg" width="285" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1095" data-original-width="1000" height="342" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYDWmmdY_E-9C7_uKZCsvS7qXiP5UqtlJA-1Slc2qhXuwqjAS8PuSRHANuf_0PzJhETrmv4_E5yuyRM8LnwOZo-6BkFJv58MRhcuGNfGBgA_9lJVy9ZyueepBmKq3Upi7nqPlUh_t-gdo/w312-h342/H0857-L226362413_original.jpg" width="312" /></div><p style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The front and back of a 15th century high-backed bench-chest. The back is crudely finished. Interestingly, the vertical stile on the back of the chest is placed asymmetrically to prevent compromising the strength of the horizontal stile. The suggested small horizontal stiles on frontside of the panels of the backrest are in fact part of the panels themselves. height 143.5 cm, length 120 cm, depth 48 cm. Sold for 2100 Euro. </span></i><br /></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1362" data-original-width="1000" height="395" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho2aOxCgkTcPzR2a6-PAvJ9BI9rjv5VIMq7POHESmg3ki_FRvs4hRksJ_lj8qNgJ1XDG-8htwaBmRXFHL25UgoR8Dgl_gPjIy1YFNGXJIisuBVyJ77004fFYB2ubZXSho6Rf98pbOgR_A/w290-h395/142a.jpg" width="290" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1268" data-original-width="1000" height="395" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRNkyWCewXsGDGdW3dN5gQuN0vNM6M_AiNSqUTGyI-69qlfCsGppGJBN7e5WTPv_ycw69lqcDmPuT_mje5szxzQviJY-XDZZ8-jAQqtzOuPBTDT-ZfIrLUeZxrevbpKExL4nKZPW-YF50/s320/142b.jpg" />
</div><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The front and inside of a French 15th century armoire with linenfold panels. The inside also allows us to see the construction of the back of the armoire, which has a similar frame construction as the doors and sides (but undecorated panels, as the sides). The armoire had three shelves, of which one is remaining. You can see two holes where the horizontal supports for the missing shelves were placed. Also a slight discolouration on the backside shows where the shelves used to be. height 191 cm, length 128.5 cm , depth 52 cm. Sold for 6500 Euro.</i></span><br /></p><p>
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="757" data-original-width="1000" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXUSnkP8p7DdNJKnycRLgBGQsKlFOg9pOp9S08_jaII34t0ZcODjlZIR1MpYif8DEm9aakmu4Rr4jp63jtIJoRzR1NCHsNWd7aSBejmbJlbf3KgRuzIFCitAABLRbs0RPzwI5SQJRM0cY/w400-h302/150a.jpg" width="400" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_Jg2kUx3WwX-hFl0yerF2W4qYtv4AXC43HKNYYJ7yZ3vcHeJ-ncGb_KNGmxJ0Z3umMoufuRqfkcazScIjDSmoHWDsMyeMcHJUFo2Ffr71dXmB3NAr5mAFzPO1hEzhdxMgdltR5u3B1yE/s1000/150b.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="660" data-original-width="1000" height="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_Jg2kUx3WwX-hFl0yerF2W4qYtv4AXC43HKNYYJ7yZ3vcHeJ-ncGb_KNGmxJ0Z3umMoufuRqfkcazScIjDSmoHWDsMyeMcHJUFo2Ffr71dXmB3NAr5mAFzPO1hEzhdxMgdltR5u3B1yE/w640-h422/150b.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>While the front of this early 16th century oak south German marriage chest is highly decorated, the back is not. Contrary to the frame construction on the front it consist of several slats of wood fixed to the sides with dovetails. Also the hinges are fixed on the back. height 99 cm, length 174 cm, depth 56 cm. Sold at 2000 Euro.</i></span><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMPPVPaAPE1L-Hrjv4Uf4bkkwYJGf0gIJ7_bVS-RW0qCruZHe7ttqwlnpF9mWJFz6YqIySI0yB5AiJnh4NhRquIDOtbC9q-7bXh7iSOqrksGvjHbTadU0SqJonK0Vjpr7vepCzD-P_2mU/s1896/221b.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1896" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMPPVPaAPE1L-Hrjv4Uf4bkkwYJGf0gIJ7_bVS-RW0qCruZHe7ttqwlnpF9mWJFz6YqIySI0yB5AiJnh4NhRquIDOtbC9q-7bXh7iSOqrksGvjHbTadU0SqJonK0Vjpr7vepCzD-P_2mU/w400-h228/221b.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNAwT5CjVWyg8p-DDuN6al-FX7DWsjgmAFyPvLXBS7t_7moPQqX62a2VuAHL_uoHEFaEuqi2VMMKVZehONTaAbTrtOY30zH3_BoEgXPFRi4Uv_adtxRZpzp8zlAr9lAkYIxoSIM_AOp-A/s1692/221c.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="917" data-original-width="1692" height="346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNAwT5CjVWyg8p-DDuN6al-FX7DWsjgmAFyPvLXBS7t_7moPQqX62a2VuAHL_uoHEFaEuqi2VMMKVZehONTaAbTrtOY30zH3_BoEgXPFRi4Uv_adtxRZpzp8zlAr9lAkYIxoSIM_AOp-A/w640-h346/221c.jpg" width="640" /></a><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>This late 15th century oak chest is similarly to the previous one, with a highly decorated front and sides, and an undecorated back. The backside consist of one single plank. The hinges are simple, consisting of hooked metal rods. height 78.5 cm, length 154 cm, depth 59 cm. Sold for 1100 Euro.</i></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWFPS-rm3gyFF5RukBzboibW4-HK5TmqTWsKUqJOw-6A2RScFgjnf6702SHFQ5wd7ppbxMZceQPA-OtbCc9fpzcqm6cG5oqoxIeUCTy9FtABvOJrqKCyzoTrqM7A6Jbdb941jHGeIT334/s1613/232b.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="957" data-original-width="1613" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWFPS-rm3gyFF5RukBzboibW4-HK5TmqTWsKUqJOw-6A2RScFgjnf6702SHFQ5wd7ppbxMZceQPA-OtbCc9fpzcqm6cG5oqoxIeUCTy9FtABvOJrqKCyzoTrqM7A6Jbdb941jHGeIT334/w400-h238/232b.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoXKtg_b4RCcJOflU5ihcYHN_m2sFOJFg9xhRXEZoYT-n7xyJboPMLLUBMVihDlQ1YvtxHQ-oJ9zf4kp1V8Uc9N5h_kHa75jfbgHcDRPhKstV1WdXIpHykKHkqG0CkueMYXsrWZycM_zY/s1613/232c.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="887" data-original-width="1613" height="352" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoXKtg_b4RCcJOflU5ihcYHN_m2sFOJFg9xhRXEZoYT-n7xyJboPMLLUBMVihDlQ1YvtxHQ-oJ9zf4kp1V8Uc9N5h_kHa75jfbgHcDRPhKstV1WdXIpHykKHkqG0CkueMYXsrWZycM_zY/w640-h352/232c.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>One of a set of two chests dated around 1500. At the back several repairs have been made, probably including the small low horizontal plank. Likely the backside earlier consisted of one wooden plank, fixed with dovetails to the sides. The construction of the underside, together with the decorative rail at the bottom is typical, suggesting that it is somewhere nailed. Height 68 cm, length 140 cm, depth 59 cm. Both sold for 800 Euro each.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZDzNcbjf4WLJHc8MbN4cuFhqj0TxxqGXv57JEnhlljEc7OE5v7rZW29zWpTMReaXvocgJiG-KEciTsFYRs9axlkrlX6y0nJUAjGp4Abxu7pr6YPSXXZW-a_bvL-bhCToLYVgSLo-e1lc/s2048/achterkant+muiderslot+dressoir.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1152" data-original-width="2048" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZDzNcbjf4WLJHc8MbN4cuFhqj0TxxqGXv57JEnhlljEc7OE5v7rZW29zWpTMReaXvocgJiG-KEciTsFYRs9axlkrlX6y0nJUAjGp4Abxu7pr6YPSXXZW-a_bvL-bhCToLYVgSLo-e1lc/w640-h360/achterkant+muiderslot+dressoir.jpg" width="640" /></a></div></i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Armoire </i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>R.B.K. 1954-7 in Castle Muiderslot, Muiden, the Netherlands dates from
the 15th century. The chest is made of two parts that are added on top
of one another. During a study, the top was removed, making hidden
details visible.</i></span></i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1285" data-original-width="2048" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGpVgl7h4jlLCGC78gCcGUQAtxisFm9miFMJV9t4mNWrYDTeN4HlTGgLiP7dh2cbEc1afMtB23wGmXk-0yGh7KDikKPl9CCpHnk-fHjhkVS2Lr2TUdXjPRLfpSqpFBzmy-egBHsH_fpSs/w382-h240/dressoir+muiderslot+boven.jpg" width="382" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1152" height="332" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilCzuLaP34L9frKd20vP1PV2II3l30h05MHcQiXLC6QtIh7v6teHPqqjUMYrw4spryIrl6Z_9W32QmKQ-yKlHOV9sqcqEdy7D8hKwGw2VKTovoEp3YxSb6deXb9DVisWYNdl6fO39wTyY/w187-h332/muiderslot-onderkast-heel.jpg" width="187" /></div>
<i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Left: the top part of the armoire. Right: The lower part of the armoire is still in use. A historical spoon was found in it.</span></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1152" data-original-width="2048" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjnGnFRQeFsK2SeB6LjimjoSPQswhcyjGT_HKoTzh1aZGzceFDk-oRxVzJQ8yjdGi0Do23_SvfNm3YS4T7UO2lhEjjsqUdyiIOOGakErQxTgcHs4mjVLIamo_8ciw_AaAcBIZxe8wfwLM/w400-h225/muiderslot-onderkant-slot.jpg" width="400" />
<i><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Not all restorations have been done according to the latest views. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Here a wooden block was screwed on the inside to hold the door.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="1152" data-original-width="2048" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1QyMNY-KEaHGjfOd7Iq55N8s8FhOGvdAfrLi7Csb06EUB3QiD2GJDCymiD0XKhAuOhwGENb17PUcz_cG01EiFlo32pLhMm0TqG2-6WSObMgl0rGNsFEh7pMF6g_pw9v0EbUOTmka4QZE/w357-h201/muiderslot-rail-onderkant.jpg" width="357" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1152" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwet0FHyvgiGcOCj9jqX-kJ6KbD3N2zAy7aozhtXtNs0dk3s5LYiKObPsoTQg_W4Cv8D9gOW3mihKNTWJOwY4tbqvS_NaKUt4sfoVEl6ycM6ev9vogjk5X_i28d98pMWpLAtsiOzgPwD4/s320/muiderslot-onderkast.jpg" />
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The rail holding the top in place can easily be seen now on the bottom part of the armoire. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The rail is fixed to the bottom with wooden pins (easily seen on the left photo). </span></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1258" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuDeHPevE_umjNCMkq_RBXopDthH9Cce9Nivf_EEPWORFzuWnU7r7EQUyHUzjSYz395xBjokN9yrbCzomrTgQMCRXC8-4Gbos8tguT9qzbsR0YX1a6hSN80R832yiKfz_VczsosrsT91A/s320/muiderslot-boven-nageling.jpg" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1199" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8WeUXYiI2nViiHAjElz1FRmtOCbsuzt1YorV8uk0WPq94DUow-IBz5Q1YWuO_Ex-9ZJp8oTHngN3Rrf0dyPXcgAOdUYKKuhHjl78uD3xMSPB4AKeJD-PQz6GGmIm71ICyNUzD0if_azM/s320/muiderslot-nageling-boven.jpg" width="320" /></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">The top panels are fixed onto the upper part of the dressoir with wooden pins.
</span><br /><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1152" data-original-width="2048" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFbZSafIXwyhspXeT6-r3blSDvOUX0vqf6-YRfjdz6F-S5lvdJX_3qV09H5QHwMYMt3QtHIjTV9C2-ORQlUzK7W19l9b8W0VAWumMYAqkaUTFzbgERnmsw6J5_s4Iwn2XDsTAVyoyfFw8/w293-h166/muiderslot+bovenkant+dressoir.jpg" width="290" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1152" data-original-width="2048" height="163" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2yjDvYJD8zNisowMakUwKWyuL8zwz6g1v518qAZzG4GedK3SWWkyB99oasq1BWxEmmH_XaHxeZFBTys7FZBwMqaHz_YYfiTH9MoxGTuLd8gcdrsMG7GcnK32Tk7tMpHslaYj5P5ZSmLk/w289-h163/top+planks+muiderslot+dressoir.jpg" width="290" /></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">At one end the panels are chamfered so they fit into the groove of the next one.</span><br /><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj7KeWFTw5RkAI9xs5prm9c2K1EHL7_MQ4pBLeWRcfkeR7PyRP7SthDa5HAp_9sA5DyBNdlLZ0m7bnNsOiwBcGSM1vJVrvopCvOeMAjBcJCKhYNWnoSkMAcQ263XNuEu1j5G2eZ4dEzdM/s2048/BO-dressoir-front.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1638" data-original-width="2048" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj7KeWFTw5RkAI9xs5prm9c2K1EHL7_MQ4pBLeWRcfkeR7PyRP7SthDa5HAp_9sA5DyBNdlLZ0m7bnNsOiwBcGSM1vJVrvopCvOeMAjBcJCKhYNWnoSkMAcQ263XNuEu1j5G2eZ4dEzdM/w400-h320/BO-dressoir-front.jpg" width="400" /></a></div></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>A beautiful armoire from Chateau Bois Orcan, <span class="LrzXr">Noyal-sur-Vilaine, </span>France, with four doors and two drawers.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i> </i></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>
<img border="0" data-original-height="1362" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcsV5UywkLdDEyi-JMTQo_Vk_r9-kARCGnxrxsle2gL9c5uqgIz0UvOxEOJvFNfW_yh0dislySqlD3rBy0jNtHsbgRfNpRjiEyd6gReXgjmctrGdpg1JR5oFTYL859JW-L9q95KDT0Omc/s320/BO-dressoir-front-low-panel.jpg" width="290" />
<img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2006" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXntlDuVT3VkuNwlAjsF1iqhyOcJRhnuSQ4bshnGKpOQQhZcUTXzubVL5GcLk8-xGCz0gLAw_Ujtiuhu1POIDyobreLnQBRpfFEa6ZuCKGDqKR5hDRc-vzx8Pq0ajpG5jyB2z45_f6fqU/s320/BO-dressoir-under.jpg" width="290" />
</i></span></i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i></i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i></i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i></i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Left: The triangular front panel is nicely carved, but when I looked at the back and beneath the armoire (Right) some interesting thing could be seen: For instance the side triangular panel has some carving on the inside. Apparently the intended carving went wrong and was never completed. Instead, they re-used it by reversing the panel (black arrow). The back panels of the armoire are roughly sawn off and layered with a half lap joint (blue arrow). At the edge stile the groove continues into the legs (red arrow) and the back panel is secured in the groove with a wooden pin (green arrow).</i></span><br /></div>Marijnhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05839707199186597043noreply@blogger.com1